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Policing (Types of Agencies (Federal (Federal Bureau of Investigations…

- - - - Functions
        
        Emergency management functions
        
        Investigations
        
        Data management and protection
        
        Patrol
- - - - Battling corruption led to:
        
        Civilian Review
        
        Accreditation
        
        Internal affairs
        
        Lawsuits
        
        Culture Change
  - - - Excessive force: using more force than what is needed
        
        Example: The beating of Rodney King by the LAPD
      - Excessive use of force: using more force than needed over the course of time
        
        Example: The LAPD's actions toward African- Americans from the 1960s through the 90s
- - - - From the end of the political era till the early 1970’s, policing in the United States went through the “Professional Era”. The professional era rejected politics as the basis of police legitimacy. The civil service system was implemented which ended political influences in the hiring and firing of officers. Police were no longer seen as working for the political leaders and seen as “law enforcement”.
    - - We are currently in the community policing era of the history of policing in the United States. The origins of the community policing era can be traced back to numerous studies conducted by social scientists in the 1970’s and 1980’s of what policing strategies work. The philosophy of community policing is not specifically defined and may vary based on individual police departments. However, the underlying factors are all the same. These factors include the department reducing crime, fear, disorder and for members of the community to feel that their police department is receptive to their feedback
    - - Lasted from the 1800s-1920s. Was labeled this era due to the fact many police officers and stations represented their local politicians. The mission of the police was also the same mission of their local politicians. During this era, the police in the United States had to keep the politicians pleased which led the police to handle community crime problems that favored the local politicians. Officers were selected for their political service and the police officer owed his allegiance to the ward boss and police captain who chose him. New officers were sent on patrol with no training and few instructions beyond rulebook. A police officer was considered a decent job but had extremely poor job security due to political turnover.
- - - - Miranda Rights
    - - The right to a lawyer
    - - Search for and examine of evidence on a person or place
        
        Plain sight vs privacy
        
        Plain view: visible position whether invited or not. People and cars fall under this.
        
        Privacy: police need a warrant to search property unless given consent by a person.