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Geopolitics Characters (Geopolitical Vocabulary (Place (Psychological…

- - - - Member units categorized by states; disregards ethnic delineations (Murphy 589)
      - Stronger national identification than European identity (Murphy "Trapped" 710)
      - Agnew "Territorial Trap": Final authority local self-governing political territories or or supranational EU? (Murphy "Trapped" 711)
      - De-nationalization (Lecture)
        
        Upward to European regulatory institutions
        
        Downward to regional and local
      - Intergovernmental vs. Supranational (Lecture)
        
        Protects soveriegnty vs beyond soveriegnty
    - - Diminishing Borders
      - Collective Identities
        
        Collective identities of political communities increasingly contested as EU expands eastward (Sellar, Staddon, and Young 254)
        
        Growing traction for Eurosceptics in European Parliament -- 2009 (Sellar, Staddon, and Young 254)
        
        Divisive Identities (Sellar, Staddon, and Young 255)
        
        East/West
        
        Eastern Europe considered less than European (Murphy 585)
        
        Socio-economic gap between European core and periphery (Murphy 585)
        
        Poorer rural communities have different interests then the larger communities (Murphy 588)
        
        Power consolidated in Brussels, Luxembourg, and Strasbourg (Murphy "Trapped" 710)
        
        Capitalist/Communist
        
        Monetary union prioritized over other forms of integration (Murphy "Trapped" 706)
        
        Dissimilar macroeconomic conditions (Murphy "Trapped" 707)
        
        Catholic/Protestant/Orthodox
        
        EU Game Plan: Integrate monetarily first and collective identity will naturally follow (Murphy "Trapped" 713)
        
        Didn't really work out (Murphy "Trapped" 713)
  - - - Regional
        
        Single Market (1987-1993): free movement of goods, services, capital, and people (Lecture)
        
        Reduction in prices
        
        New jobs
        
        Europe 20/20 Strategy
        
        Employement
        
        Research and Innovation
        
        Climate Change
        
        Education
        
        Poverty
        
        European Stability Mechanism (Lecture)
        
        Fund to help extraordinary economic difficulties EUtext
        
        EU Wide financial supervisory authorities
        
        new laws for stability of banks
        
        European Semester: annual procedure to coordinate public budget (Lecture)
        
        Euro+ Pact: mutual commitments to sound public finances (Lecture)
      - International
        
        Changes structural composition of the world economy (Lecture)
    - - Regional
        
        "Schengen" --Freedom to Move (Lecture)
        
        No police or customs at borders #
        
        Strengthen external borders
        
        Cooperation between police units of varying EU countries
        
        Destabilization of Political State Regimes (Lecture)
      - International
        
        End of Cold War Geopolitcs (Lecture)
        
        Kinda
- - - - Expanded borders equates to strengthen security from external powers (Gibson)
        
        Majority of Russians no longer aspire to restore pre-1991 borders (Kolossov and Turvosky)
      - "The Heartland" (Kolossov and Turvosky)
        
        Key to global stability
        
        Turn to great power status from geographical positioning
        
        Geographical Pivot of History -- Mackinder
      - Complex ethno-linguistic and sectarianism, festering historical conflicts, regional poverty, massive oil wealth (Lecture)
      - Cross Continental: Asia and Europe (Gibson)
    - - Sense of Belonging
        
        Lack of meaningfulness to settled lands that were colonialized by Russia (Gibson 181)
        
        Russian by ideology -- Orthodoxy (Gibson)
        
        Emerging Russian Nationalism (Kolossov and Turvosky)
        
        Combat Globalization as a front for American Hegemony
        
        end the hegemony
        
        Geopolitcal union lead to dissolution of Russia in Eurasian melting pot resulting in loss of national identity
      - Collective Identity
        
        Juxtapose Identies (Gibson)
        
        Europe/Asia
        
        Culturally European (Gibson)
        
        Slavic, Orthodox, Maxism-Leninsim, Borrowing from the West (Gibson)
        
        Physically Asian (Gibson)
        
        West/East
        
        Occident/Orient
        
        Heterogenity (Gibson)
        
        No attempt to displace or exterminate indigenous peoples (Gibson)
        
        The West is otherizing Russia (Kolossov and Turvesky)
        
        The Slavic Card (Lecture)
        
        Invitation for Russian intervention
    - - impose administrative and social, but not cultural unity
  - - - 'Pacakge' Principle in Foreign Policy
        
        concessions only possible when similar actions are undertaken by other countries
      - Restore Russian leadership in post-Soviet space by economic means
        
        1999 Reduced Emphasis on West and Increase in CIS countries (Kolossovo and Turvesky)
        
        Renewed Interest in the 'Near Abroad' (Kolossovo and Turvesky)
      - More efficient use of geopolitical resources inherited by Russia from the Soviet Union
        
        nuclear weapons
        
        military bases abroad
        
        Vote in UN Security Council
      - Integration with Asia-Pacific Region
      - Exploiting Russia's Transit Infrastructure
  - - - GUUAM: Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Moldova regional bloc to counterbalance Russian influence in post-Soviet Space
      - 'A new rimland' surrounding 'Eurasian heartland'
        
        bypass russia in southern regions of post-Soviet space in SE Europe
        
        Russia in danger of becoming Eurasian periphery
      - 'Primakov Doctrine' -- 1997
        
        Relations with the Western states became more Europe-oriented, around a Russia/Germany/France access
        
        Asian policy actively developed to avoid Western bias
        
        Contacts with former Soviet republics became more stable
        
        Russia took active role as conflict mediator in Yugoslavia, Iraq, the Middle East, and Tajikistan
        
        Promote regional systems of power balance
        
        Attempts to extend diplomatic activity to other world regions
      - Putin Doctrine
        
        European orientation
        
        'The Asian Card'
        
        Direction of Foreign Policy
        
        More active -- more foreign politicians visit Moscow
        
        More Russian activity in Asian arena
        
        More complicated and diverse
- - - - Palestinian Right to Return (Ben-Porat)
      - Religious Claims to Jerusalem (Ben-Porat)
      - 1917 Balfour Declaration (Lecture)
        
        national home for Jewish
        
        Not a state --international recognition
    - - Partition: Assumption that territorial borders create a homogenous "us" (Ben-Porat 147) #
        
        inequality
        
        emotional baggage
        
        temporary
        
        zero-sum dynamic (Lecture)
      - Powersharing (Ben-Porat)
        
        promote segregation over cooperation
        
        zero-sum dynamics mentality
    - - Jerusalem -- not just coordinates
        
        Current capital of Israel
        
        Future capital for Palestinians
    - - Palestine
        
        Fear Partion (Ravndal)
        
        Over 100,000 Israelis living on land supposed to be Palestinian State (Ben-Porat)
        
        Jewish state would contain substantial Arab minority (Ravndal)
        
        Right to Return (Ben-Porat)
      - Israel
        
        Zionism: Protect Jewish Israelis (Lecture)
        
        De Facto Gov declare Israel and Independent State on May 14, 1948 (Ravndal)
        
        Seek Indepent Jewish state and free immigration (Ravndal)
  - - - Violence of holocaust and Western resistance to accept Jewish refugees (Ravndal)
      - Arab rebellion to Jewish immigration from 1936 to 1939 (Ravndal)
    - - Accuse Israeli's of trying to unilaterally determine borders by building settlements (Ben-Porat)
      - Palestine accuses Israel of operating like a colonial imperialist power
      - Accuse Palestinians of not combating fundamentalist terrorism (Ben-Porat)
    - - Suprise attack on Israel
      - Arabs seek to reclaim lost territory
- - - - a body of radical scholarship that emerged in the early 1990s bridges the academic disciplines of Geography, International Relations, and Cultural Studies. Setting itself in opposition to classical geopolitics, it conceptualizes geopolitics as a complex and problematic set of discourses, representations and practices about power, rather than as a coherent, neutral and objectivist science.