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Transport and supply (The heart (There are four chambers in the heart…

- - - - two large veins that return blood to the right atrium are called the superior and inferior vena cava
      - blood travels from the right atrium through one-way atrioventricular valve called tricuspid valve, into right ventricle
      - is collecting chamber where blood is returned to heart after trip around body
      - cardiac cycle
        
        after blood is ejected from ventricles the heart enters resting period
        
        during diastole , chambers fill with blood
        
        can be divided into two phases
        
        diastole
        
        systole
- - - - decreased numbers of RBCs or abnormal or deficient amount of hemoglobin
  - - - within 15 seconds blood can clot
      - when inner wall of vessel is damaged underlying collagen fiber becomes exposed
- - - - sinoatrial node
        
        located in wall of right atrium
        
        generates electrical impulse at approximately 70-80 impulses per minute
      - atrioventicular node
        
        located at point where atria and ventricles met
        
        generates electrical impulse at rate of 40 - 60 beats per minute
- - - - right-sided heart failure
        
        blood begins to back up in systemic veins causing
        
        engorged liver and spleen
        
        swollen ankles, feet, and hands
        
        distressed neck veins
      - psychopathology
        
        healthy left side of heart continues to pump blood normally
        
        unhealthy right side of heart cannot keep up
    - - Heart failure
        
        formerly called congestive heart failure
        
        usually a left side heart promblem but can include the right sided failure as well
        
        condition where heart cannot move blood efficently
        
        left side weak to pump efficiently
        
        blood backs up into veins
        
        incraeased pressure in veins allow fluid to leak from vessels and into tissue
    - - does not permanently damage heart
      - MI is also called heart attack
      - condition caused by inadequate or absent blood flow to area of heart muscle
      - can be treated with nitrogenlycerin
      - infract
        
        tissue damage and death that results from complete blocked blood flow
      - Symptoms
        
        weakness
        
        clammy sweating
        
        heartburn
        
        dizzness
        
        nausea
        
        anxiety
        
        pain in left shoulder
        
        Chest pain
    - - condition cvharacterized by plaque build up in leg
    - - hardening of arteries
      - causes involved vessels become less flexible
      - Thickening inner layer
      - Treatment
        
        lifestlye changes that overcome at rick behaviors
- - - - middle layer
      - thicker and composed of mainly smooth mucles and collagen
    - - outermost layer
      - mostly fibrous tissue
    - - is the innermost layer
      - composed of tightly packed layer of tissue mad up of squamous