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Quiz 2 12th March Chapter 6 (Self (Roles of Self (Therapeutic Self: …
Quiz 2
12th March
Chapter 6
Uses and Gratification Theory
social media is consumed for a purpose to receive some reward or gratification
different platforms afford different uses and gratifications
Privacy
an interpersonal boundary process by which a person or group regulates interaction with others; dynamic process involving selective control over a self-boundary either by an individual or a group
Contextual Integrity
ensuring adequate protection for privacy to norms of specific contexts, demanding that information gathering and dissemination be appropriate to the context and obey the governing norms of distribution within
Self
Goals
Online: desire to build, maintain, improve or perform a sense of self
Social Media: self-performance, gain cultural knowledge, fun, social needs, learn new things, comparison and transformation
Self:
collection of relatively stable attributes and feelings about these attributes
Looking-Glass Self / Personal Identity:
constantly being expressed and modified through interaction and feedback from the social and physical world
newest technology makes it possible to observe ourselves in a conversation e.g. Skype
Self-Presentation Theory
Ideal self:
presenting oneself for a perceived audience, leading to highlighting certain character traits while deemphasising others (also depended on platform/audience) (front-stage)
the role taken depends on audience and platforms, can be relatively similar to other people's roles with same age, race, gender, cultural background
Self-concept:
overarching view or image of a person as a physical, social, spiritual and moral human being
working compromise between ideal and imputed social identities
Social Identity
identities attributed or imputed to others in an attempt to place or situate them as social objects
no self-designation but imputations based on information on appearance behaviours, location and time of action
Social Comparison Theory
people form evaluation of themselves through comparison with others
passive FB use might lead to comparison and can trigger anxiety or worry
Roles of Self
Therapeutic Self:
vulnerable version seeking comfort or advice
Virtual Self:
Online avatar of an offline person
Digital Self: totality of online selfs, can persist death
Selfie:
narcissistic version, form of artistic expression, personal branding, play or self-performance
Context Collapse
two or more selfs virtually collide
physically different versions can be kept apart through the physical barrier
online different contexts converge because different people form different aspects merge together
Extended Self
expand ourselves beyond physical and temporal limits
e.g. Smartphone as brain extension with birth dates etc.
Post-human theories:
technology and human bodies are increasingly intertwined
Interpersonal Relationships
Self-Disclosure
human norm to disclose some information about oneself in the course of a conversation
can be done anonymously
Anonymity
does not contain personal information and cannot be linked to a personal identity
anti-social behaviour (hostile actions)
positive behaviours such as whistle-blowers
Pseudonymity
information is linked to a specific name but cannot be connected to an offline person
Disinhibition
due to lack of eye-contact, invisibility, asynchronity and textualisation
unrestrained or impulsive behaviour without regard for social norms or consequences
flaming
use of hostile language including swearing, insults and offenses
sometimes normative behaviour
e.g. Counter Strike
Trust
Signalling Theory
Giving (purposefully performance of social cues)
Giving off (unintentional)
Social information processing model (SIP)
translate text-based information into socially meaningful information
Self-disclosure tends to be quicker online
due to the lack of co-presence, eye-contact etc.
Social identity deindividuation model (SIDE)
use of social categories rather than interpersonal cues for communication
creation of archetypes (categories formed from former experience)
Intimacy
develops faster because absence of cues leads to exaggeration of partner's features, idealised qualities
Group Behaviour
Communitas:
feeling of being in a social group, being part of a collective of likeminded individuals
Confirmation bias:
seek for information that is already known by the individual; gain confirmation
Cognitive Dissonance Theory:
experience of psychological discomfort when disconfirming information is encountered
people are seeking for groups online with the same beliefs and goals
Reasons for using Social Media
Therapeutic uses
message boards
emotional support and information
Drama
blurs lines between trivial and serious bullying
not always a victim or everyone is the victim
Cyberbullying
socially or physically intimidating someone
close network might increase potential
Online Vigilantes
expose identities of cyber bullies
online shaming
investigate and harass people who usually harass others
Play
using for fun, pleasure, spontaneous
Flow
total absorption in a task that creates the feeling of escape, losing track of time
Flow Theory
process of flow, leads to addiction, used for relaxation
Addiction
unclear when or what causes addition
dopamine release causes addiction
impacts on offline life
self-regulation:
process through which one controls short-term impulses