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Paper 2 Main Themes (Displacement ... (from Reality (Blanche = Fantasy),…

- - - - Physical displacement
        
        Moving from Laurel to New Orleans
      - Psychological Displacement
        
        Varsouviana Polka
        
        Represents Blanche's remorse for the death of Allen Grey
        
        Since Allen's death, the polka recurs throughout the play whenever Blanche loses grip on reality
        
        Represents her initial trigger of her spiralling decline
        
        Scene 1 when Stanley meets Blanche and asks her about her husband.
        
        Scene 6 occurs when Blanche tells Mitch the story of Allen Grey.
      - vs Stanley = Reality
        
        Scene 10 Shep Huntleigh lie "As a matter of fact there is no
        
        a practical man firmly grounded in the physical world, disdains Blanche’s fabrications and does everything he can to unravel them.
        
        creates the overarching tension
      - From Soceity
        
        "Operator! Operator! Never mind long-distance. Get Western Union. There isn't time to be - Western - Western Union!"
        
        Blanche tries to telephone for help, however when she is not able to reach them in time
        
        Displays external world does not offer support for Blanche
  - - - Said by Beizmenne: "There was nothing wrong in having a boyfriend who [...] rather than making advances had perhaps been amorous" -
        
        Device: Might be rhetoric, tries to appeal to emotion
        
        Dialogue from Beizmenne show that he accuses her indirectly of being with lots of men, tries to convince her to admit her relationships with them. He knows she becomes distressed when people ask her about her male visitors as it's a sensitive topic, so he uses this discomfort to pressure her, even accusing her of having known Gotten for longer than she said.
      - “She was photographed repeatedly from the front, from behind, and from the side, and finally [...] with dishevelled hair and an angry face.” - , Katharina is completely exposed to the rest of the world and seems entirely guilty.
  - - - She puts her brother in this God-like figure, says that all she needs is an “unshakeable God”. Saying that her brother was her “Kingdom Come” is an effective metaphor as it shows highly Maya sees his brother since he excels at almost everything he does. Maya is not beaten by the fact that she’s in Bailey’s shadow, rather praises him.
      - The religious nature of the description is effective since Maya had grown up with with a very religious grandmother. Maya talks about her loneliness as a southern black girl and how that symbolises her displacement in society, but in a sense, her displacement is less apparent with the company of her brother.
- - - - Rumours are sensationalised
      - Outcast/Marginalised in Laurel
        
        Teenage schoolboy
    - - Race
        
        Northern Europe "Polack" vs French aristocracy
        
        Stanley vs Blanche
  - - - Things are more difficult for Uncle Willie since he is disabled, most men treat him badly. Prejudice against him. Same as how Angelou has to deal with the prejudice that goes along with her black skin
      - The image of Uncle Willie under the potatoes, unable to help drooling on the potatoes, is both pathetic and empathetic; he shouldn't have to hide in such an undignified way, and he also should not have to fear a violent reprisal for an act he did not commit.
        
        “the looks he suffered of either contempt or pity had simply worn him out, and for one afternoon, one part of an afternoon, he wanted no part of them.”
        
        “He must have tired of being crippled, as prisoners tired of penitentiary bars and the guilty tired of blame.”
        
        Simile
        
        it both represent negative social groups (prisoners and guilty) again reflecting the negative attitudes pertaining crippled people
        
        The guilty are separated from the prisoners which may hint at the larger number of Blacks that are placed in prison before actually being proven guilty simply because of racial views.
        
        the sentence structure also reflects this (prisoners before guilty)
      - Disabled people were seen as a weakness in the workforce, that took money from the government without playing their role in society just as Black people were seen as uglier and dumber than whites
    - - After the subservient behaviour Momma shows towards the rude little white girls Maya doesn't think her grandmother should demean herself this way, but somehow, Momma triumphs over the girls by standing her ground and not getting angry.
        
        “I knew I was as clearly imprisoned behind the scene as the actors outside were confined to their roles.” “How could Momma call them Miz? The mean nasty things.”
        
        Rhetorical questioning
        
        1st person from Maya's POV shows her contrast with Mama's appeasement to racism, and highlights Maya's resistance.
    - - Angelou creates this metaphor “a light shade had been pulled down” - signifying the societal divisions between the Black and White people. She then develops it further by saying that “one could see through it”. Angelou emphasises how privileged they are and the tone suggests the feeling of jealousy towards their wealth. Emphasises her point with the word “white” being repeated.
      - Angelou discusses the theme of segregation, and how racial segregation not only perpetuated societal divisions, but economic and political inferiority for the black citizens of the town.
      - Metaphor, repetition, figurative language
    - - This can be linked to Maya’s disapproval of the titles that must be given to those in her social network that imply lowliness of the addressor simply because of the social group into which they fall.
      - This highlights the unjust that the Black people are treated with - even things as simple as formalities in a courtroom do not allow for the fairness and equal justice that all members of the court should have.
      - This can be linked to Maya’s disapproval of the titles that must be given to those in her social network that imply lowliness of the addressor simply because of the social group into which they fall.
- - - - Inappropriate relationship with teenager
        
        Mitch rejects Blanche
        
        Scene nine "I don't think I want to marry you anymore. You're not clean enough to bring in the house with my
        mother"
        
        Juxtaposes Blanche's excessive bath cleansing
        
        All the rumours of Blanche affect society's view of her as an honest woman.
      - Mental Health
  - - - “Katharina Blum was remarkably meticulous in checking the entire wording and having every sentence read aloud to her as it was committed to record.”
        
        demonstrates the exact opposite process of the news where they specifically choose words that they believe will create the highest degree of sensationalism, even to the point of using literary devices such as alliteration in their headings.
        
        Narration / Author similarities
        
        This may be Böll demonstrating how the process of reporting should be done. Böll himself is very particular with the words he uses as seen above when he justifies his use of the word “dramatic”
        
        Here we see that Katharina is being careful with what her words might imply.
        
        Shows the importance of communication done without thought of implications by elaborating on a few examples of what may be inferred from “harmless-looking” sentences
    - - Tension created between them
      - Blanche’s behaviour and ideologies clash with Stanley’s authoritative figure as a man.
        
        She calls him “Polack” = disrespect Stanley
        
        Stella: controlled by Stanley
        
        His outburst at Blanche’s comments of his ethnicity shows his agitation and growing irritation of his sister-in-law, and shows his defensiveness when she teases.
        
        The criticism and dislike from Blanche towards Stanley is disguised as playful familial repartee
      - “...one hundred percent American, born and raised in the greatest country on earth and proud as hell of it, so don’t ever call me a Polack.”
      - Several times in the play, Blanche calls Stanley a “Polack” - a derogatory term for a Polish person or a person of Polish descent, to which Stanley gets frustrated with this description,