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Digestive system and nutrition (Parts (Stomach (sphincters (pyloric…
Digestive system and nutrition
Parts
Stomach
mucous membrane lining contain rugae
helps expand the stomach
receives food from the esophagus
food remains in your stomach for 1-4 hours
sphincters
pyloric sphincter
cadiac sphincter
Gastric juices
pepsin
starts protein digestion
lipase
starts the chemical breakdown of fats
hydrochloric acid
helps absorb iron
activates pepsin
kills bacteria
Rennin
aids in the digestion of milk
only present in infants
Esophagus
muscular tube
location
dorsal to the trachea
functions
peristalsis moves food toward the stomach
carries bolus to the stomach
Small intestine
recieves food from the stomach in the form of chime
divided into 3 sections
jeunum
8 feet long
ileum
last 12 feet.
connects with the large intestine and the cecum
duodenum
first 9-10 inches
this is where bile from the gallbladder and liver, and pancreatic juice enter through ducts.
size
1inch in diameter
20 feet long
Pharynx
Carries
Food
Air
Food bolus to the esophagus
When bolus swallowed, epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering the respitory tract
Large intestine
location
2incnes in diameter
five feet long
functions
storage of the indigestible materials before eliminated in the body
synthesis and absorbtion of some b-complex and k vitamins
absorption of water and any remaining nutrients
transportation of waste products out of the alimentary canal
final section of the alimentary canal
parts
colon
rectum
cecum
where the appendix lies
Tongue
Muscular organ that contains special receptors
Taste buds
Allow a person to taste
Sour
Bitter
Salty
Sweet
Liver
location
urq
under te diaphragm
accessory organ for digestive system
functions
produces heparin
produces cholesterol
detoxifies substances
stores sugar in the form of glucose
secretes bile
largest gland in the body
Teeth
Special structures that physically break down food by chewing and grinding
Gallbladder
location
under the liver
attached by connective tissue
functions
stores and concentrates bile
bile needed to emulsify fats
small muscular sac
Buccal cavity
Receives food as it enters the body
Actions in the mouth
Broken down physically by teeth
Lubricated and partially digested by saliva
Food is tasted
Swallowed
Pancreas
fish shaped oragn, located behind the stomach
produces
pancreatic juices to digest food
insulin
secteted into the blood stream
regulates burning of carbs to convert glucose to energy
Alimentary canal
Long muscular tube
Location
Begins at the moth
Ends at the anus
Accesory organs
Teeth
Liver
Tongue
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
Pancreas
appendicitis
acute inflammatin of the appendix, usually results from an obstruction and infection
signs and symptoms
generalized abdominal painthat later localizes to the LRQ, N/V, mild fever, and increased WBC.
if the appendix ruptures, the infectious material will go into the peritoneal cavity and cause peritonitis.
treatment
surgery
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
create gallstones from the crystalized cholesterol, bile salts and pile pigments
cholelithiasis
symptoms
occur after eating fatty foods; indigestion,N/V, and pain that starts in under the ribs and radiates to the right shoulder
if it blocks the bile ducts, the gall bladder can rupture and cause peritonitis
cirrhosis
chronic destruction of the liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue
cause
hepatitis, bilr duct disease, chemical toxis, and malnutrition caused by alcolholism
symptoms
liver enlargement,anemia, indigestion, nausea and edems n legs and feet, hematemesis(vommiting blood) nosebleeds, jaundice and ascites, diorientation, hallucinations, hepatic coma and death can occur
treatment
preventing further damage to the liver. avoid alcohol, get proper nutrition, vitamin supplements, diuretics, rest, infection prevention, and appropriate exersize.
constipation
fecal material remaining in the colon too long causing excessive reabsorbtionof water.
feces becomes too hard and dry and difficult to eliminate
cause
poor bowel habits, chronic laxidive use, a diet low in fiber and certain digestive diseases.
treatment
high fiber diet, fluids, exercise
Diarrhea
frequent watery stools
causes
infection, stress, diet, and irratated colon and toxc substances
can be dangerous in infants and children becauase, of the excess fluid.
treatment
eliminatin the cause, replacing lost fluid and modifying diet
Diverticulitis
inflamationof the diverticula that form in the intestine and mucousal lining pushes through the surrouding muscle
fecal material and bacteria can get trapped, inflammation can occur, and can result in rupture in he peritonitis
symptoms
abdominal pain, irregular bowel movements, flayus, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal distention, low grade fever and N/V.
treatment
antibiotics, stool softening medications, pain meds, high fiber diet, and in severe cases, sugery.
gastroenteritis
inflammation of mucosal membrane that lines the stomach
causes
food poisoning,infection and toxins
symptoms
abdominal cramping, nausea,vomitting,fever, diarrhea.
treatments
rest and increasefluid intake. somtimes antibiotics.
hemorrhoids
painful, dialated veins, of the rectum or the anus
causes
straining, constipation, pressure, insufficient fluid intake, laxadive abuse, and prolonged sitting or standing.
symptoms
itching, pain, bleeding
treatment
high fiber diet, increased fluid intake, stool softeners, sitz bath, warm moist compressions, and in some cases a hemmorrhoidectomy
hepititis
viral inflammation of the liver
Type A
most benign form of hepititis
Type B
or serum hepititis is transmitted by bodily fluids including blood, serum saliva,urine, seman, vaginal secretions and breast milk
vaccine availible, more serious than A
Type C
spread through contact of blood or body fluids.
sharing needled, getting stuck with needle or sharp object, passing from mom to fetus during its birth
no vaccine
Hernia
when an internal organ pushes trougha weakened area or natural opening in a body wall
symptoms
heartburn, stomavh distention, chest pain and difficult swallowing.
treatment
bland diet, small frequent meals, staying upright after eating, surgical repair.
pancreatitis
inflammation in the pancreas
cause
excessive alcohol intake or blockage of pancreaticducts by gallstones
symptoms
severe abdominal pain, which radiates to the back, N/V, and diaphoresis, and jundice
treatment
depends on the cause
peritonitis
inflammation of the abdominal peritoneal cavity, usually when a rupture of the intestines alllows the contents to to leak into the abdominal cavity
symptoms
abdomial pain, distention, fever, N/V
treatment
antibiootics, and if nessasary surgical repair
ulcers
open sore on the lining of the digestive tract
causes
main cause is H. pylori, stomach acids, and digestive juices
symptoms
burning pain, indigestion, hematemesis and bloody stools
treatment
antibiotics and somtimes surgery
ulcerative colitis
severe inflammation of the colon, then the formation of ulcers and abcesses.
cause
stress or food allergy or an autoimmune reaction
symptoms
diarrhea, blood, pus and mucous in stool, weight loss, weak, abdominal pain, anmia, anorexia
peiods of remission and exacerbation are common