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respiratory system (key words (Residual volume (RV) (The volume of air…
respiratory system
key words
Residual volume (RV)
The volume of air that is left in the lungs after total forced expiration
oxyhaemoglobin
The name given to haemoglobin when carrying oxygen
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
The volume of air available that could be expired after tidal volume
Tidal volume (TV)
The volume of air inspired or expired per breath ( approximately 500 ml during breathing at rest)
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The volume of air available that could be inspired after tidal volume
Frequency (F)
The number of breaths taken in one minute (approximately 12-15)
Minute ventilation (VE)
The volume of air inspired or exspired in one minute
VE can be calculated by multiplying the tidal volume with the frequency of breaths in one minute
VE=TV x F
500 ml x 15 = 7500ml/min or 7.51l/min
Respiratory adaptations to physical activity
3) Respirstory volumes
tidal volume increases during maximal exercise
Respiratory frequency increases during maximal work
Maximal ventilation can significantly increase from 120 L/min in an untrained athlete to 150 L/min
following training 180 L/min -200 L/min due to increase in tidal volume and frequency
2)Breathing Mechanics
increase in strength/power and endurance of respiratory muscles
reducing respiratory fatigue
Increased efficiency of respiratory muscles
Reducing respiratory fatigue
1) Respiratiry structures
increase elasticity of respiratory structure .e.g. lungs and alveoli pleura
grater number of alveoli
increase in surface area for diffusion
Gaseous exchange
Gaseous exchange involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
oxygen is needed for energy and carbon dioxide is produced when energy is used up
Gaseous exchange takes place at the alveoli and at the muscle tissue
Gases move from arears of high pressure to arears of low pressure
Ventilation
(MMVP)
Breathing in
(inspiration)
The diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens increasing the size of the thoratic cavity
The lungs increase in volume so the pressure inside them falls. This cases air to rush in
Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, pulling the rib cage up and out
Breathing out
(expiration)
The diaphragm muscle below the lungs relaxes and returns to being domed reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity
The volume of the lungs is decreased so the pressure inside increases and air rushes out
intercostal muscles between the ribs relax so that the ribs move in and down ( passive process as they fall under there own weight)