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Gender and Crime (Gender and Victimisation (Women are slightly less likely…
Gender and Crime
Gender and Victimisation
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In 2013, 5% of men were victims of personal crime and 4.7% of females were.
2.3% of men reported being victims of violent crime and 1.3% of women reported being a victim of violent crime.
Women were more likely than men to be victims of domestic violence and men particularly likely to be victims of violence from strangers.
Women are twice as likely than men to report being victims of any form of domestic abuse and are 7 times more likely to be victims of sexual abuse.
Two of the most unreported crimes
The Chivalry thesis
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Pollack- official statistics grossly underestimate female offending because women are naturally skilled than men at deceiving people.
For/true
Haralambos and Holborn (2013)
- Women more likely than men to be given cautions instead of being prosecuted.
- Women more likely than men to be given pre-court sanction than taken to court.
- Women less likely than men to be sent to prison when convicted (2009, 14% of women, and 26.5% men given immediate custodial sentence).
- In 2009, men given longer sentences than women (on average).
Against/false
Feminists argued that the CJS often biased against women. Walklate (2004) argues that in rape trials, women's complaints often not taken seriously and large majority of rapists found not guilty or never prosecuted. Police don't take domestic violence against women serious enough.
Biological explanations
Women are more naturally caring and nurturing, these aren't the characteristics of a criminal and so a normal women with these values would be less likely to commit crime.
Females- Parson said child rearing done by mothers, girls have a role model from a young age.
Males- Cohen stated women have main role in socialisation so boys lack male role model to steer away from criminal behaviour (even in nuclear).
Double standards
Women are treated particularly badly when deviate from norms of behaviour associated with femininity.
Example: woman sexually promiscuous seen as double deviant, breaking societies norms and breaking stereotypical female norms.
Heidesohn (feminist)
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There are many informal social controls that discourage women from straying from 'normal' behaviour. 1. People gossiping about them. 2. Having a bad reputation. 3. What men would think of them
Gendered :
The CJS is gendered and not biased, this is when something is experienced differently by males and females- it differentiates between males and females and gives different pros and cons.
Statistics
In 2012, women were less likely than men to be convicted of crimes in every offence. The crimes with the highest proportion of females offenders were fraud and forgery.
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