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Math and Statistics (MATH2123) (W1: Intro and basic calculations…

- - - - collect
      - classify
      - summarize
      - analyze
      - interpret
    - - Descriptive Statistics
        
        = Utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set and to present that information in a convenient form
        
        Average, spread, range, frequency
        
        histogram, median, scatter plot
        
        mode, interquartile range
      - Inferential Statistics
        
        = utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions or other generalizations about a larger set of data
        
        Sampling
        
        estimation
        
        hypothesis testing.
  - - - = is the complete collection of items to be studied.
      - If we can examine every single unit, we conduct a census.
    - - a characteristic or property of an individual unit.
    - - is a subset of the population.
      - Different methods of sampling
        
        Simple random sampling
        
        Stratified sampling
        
        Classify into groups by criteria and then randomly sample in each group
        
        Cluster sampling
        
        Use a heterogeneous subgrouping (eg postcode) and sample within this subgroup
        
        Convenience sampling
        
        Only ask people that are easy to get to, or come to you
  - - - No selection bias
      - No response bias
      - Measurement error
    - - = is a statement about the degree of uncertainty associated with a statistical inference
  - - - Published Source
      - Designed Experiment
      - Survey
      - Observational Study
    - - representative sample
        
        exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the target population.
      - random sample
        
        A random sample of n units is selected in such a way that every different sample of size n has the same chance of being selected
    - - Quantitative Data
        
        Ex: Age / Salary / GPA...
        
        types
        
        Discreet
        
        Continuous
      - Qualitative Data
        
        Year in school
        
        Live on/off campus
        
        major; gender