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Policing Chapters 4-6 (Police Subculture (Morality (Values that Motivate…

- - - - The Threat of Danger
      - The Need to Establish and Maintain One's Authority
  - - - Whether Legal or Otherwise
  - - - Us Vs. Them
  - - - Produced by Nature of Work
    - - Possibly Caused by Racial or Gender Status
    - - Produced by Real Threats and Danger
    - - Total Effect of Everything
  - - - Wellness Programs
- - - - Local Control
      - Fragmented organization
      - Limited Authority
  - - - Each Male Citizen Had to Participate
  - - - Created London Police Force
- - - - Fast Response
    - - Shootings, Bombs, Terrorist Attacks
- - - - Sheriff Departments
      - Officer of the Court
      - Operate Jails
      - Police Function in Rural Areas
    - - Ex. IMPD
    - - Police Function Within City Area
- - - - Self- incrimination
        
        Miranda Rights
        
        Only Applies to Custodial Interrogations
        
        Public Safety Exception
        
        Police Adaptations
        
        Loss of Liberty; Isolation
    - - Visible From Position
        
        Whether Invited to Search or Not
        
        Without A Warrant or Evidence
      - Any Person/Property
        
        Land, Home, Vehicle
      - Coolidge vs. New Hampsire (1971)
    - - Search
        
        On Person or Place
        
        Intrudes on Reasonable Expectation of Privacy
        
        Search for and Examination of Evidence
        
        Reasonable Suspicion
        
        Police May Search Via:
        
        Without Warrant
        
        Terry vs. Ohio (1968)
        
        Exigent Circumstances
        
        With Warrant
        
        Incident to Lawful Arrest
        
        Chimel vs. California (1969)
        
        Consent
        
        U.S Vs. Drayton (2002)
      - Privacy
      - Plain View
      - Exclusionary Rule
        
        Principle that Illegally Obtained Evidence Must be Excluded from Trial
      - Use of Force
        
        For people who have no been convicted of a crime
      - Seizures
        
        LEO's Depriving People of Their Liberty or Property and that Must not be Unreasonable in Regards to the 4th
      - Stops
        
        LEO Interference with Individuals Freedom of Movement for a Duration of Typically Less Than One Hour, and only Rarely Extends for as Long as Several Hours
      - Arrest
        
        Physically Taking a Person into Custody on Grounds That There is Reason to Believe the Individual Has Committed a Criminal Offense
      - Exceptions
        
        Police Acted "in Honest Reliance on a Defective Statue, a Warrant Improperly Issued... or a Consent to Search by Someone Who Lacked Authority
        
        "Good Faith" Exception
        
        U.S vs. Leon (1984)
        
        "Inevitable Discovery"
        
        Nix vs. Williams (1977)
        
        Can be Used if Evidence Would Later Have Been Inevitably Discovered Without the Improper Action of the Police Which Led to the Evidence
    - - Right to Counsel