Circulatory System
Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels
Four main functions:
Organ that pumps the blood through the system
Connective tissue that has a fluid component called plasma
Passageway to transport blood to the body's cells
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Arterioles
Smaller vessels
Capillaries
Nutrients are exchanged
Venules
Enlarge and become veins
Veins
Carry blood toward the heart, they have valves and thinner walls. They are more numerous and have larger capacity
Jugular Veins:
Largest veins that take blood from your head to the heart
Carotid artery:
Largest arteries on the side of the neck that take blood from the heart to the head
Carry blood to various parts of the body
Pump materials throughout the body
The movement of materials facilitates the delivery of vital materials like O2 and nutrients to the cells of the body and remove cellular waste
Return Excess Fluid (often in the form of lymph) to general circulation
About the size of your fist
Located slightly left of the center of chest
Right side of heart collects blood from body and sends it to lungs; left side of heart collects blood from lungs and sends it to rest of body
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Outer layer of the heart:
Pericardium (Epicardium)
Middle layer of the heart:
Myocardium
Inner Layer of the heart:
Endocardium
Disorders:
CHF (heart failure)
Heart cannot move blood efficiently
Myocardial Infarction
Inadequate or absent blood flow to area of heart muscle
Disorders:
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening of inner layer (hardening) of the arteries
Athersclerosis
Fatty deposits called plaques build up on inner lining of blood vessels
Hematology: The branch of medicine that is concerned with the study of blood and blood disorders
Three functions of blood:
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
Blood Composition:
Plasma
Formed Elements
Yellowish, straw colored liquid that comprises about 55% of bloods volume
90% water, other 10% contains nutrients, salts, oxygen, hormones, and other regulatory substances
Red Blood Cells (RBC's) or erythrocytes
White Blood Cells (WBC's) or leukocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Thrombocytes or platelets
Aid in clotting
Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes:
Mononuclear Cells:
Composed of Three layers:
Innermost layer: Tunica interna
Middle layer: Tunica media
Outermost layer: Tunica externa