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Unit 4 (Cells (Vacules (Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In…
Unit 4
Cells
Vacules
Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.
Nucleus
DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cell activites
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Cytoplasm
Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles and provides the perfect environment for chemical reactions to take place
centriole
Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cells only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.
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Chloroplast
Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA
Cell Membrane
Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
mitichondria
Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.
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rough Er
Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum's ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.
ribosome
Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.
cytoskeleton
Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally.
Made of microfilaments and microtubules. (protein strands)
cell wall
Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.
Chromation
plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.
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cilia
Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.
perozisomes
Contain an enzyme that allows the breakdown of H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) which is made by cell reactions and is toxic to the cell
microtubule
part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell
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Meioses
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell
Function of Meiosis
Sexual Reproduction
Function of Mitosis
Cellular Reproduction & general growth and repair of the body.
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Meiosis Occurs in
Humans, animals, plants, fungi
Mitosis Occurs in
all organisms
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Crossing Over (Meiosis)
Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.
Crossing Over (Mitosis)
No, crossing over can not occur.
Number of Divisions (Meiosis)
2
Number of Divisions (Mitosis)
1
Number of Cells produced in Meiosis
4
Number of Cells produced in Mitosis
2
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Steps of Mitosis
The steps of mitosis are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis
Meiosis Creates
Sex cells only: Female egg cells or Male sperm cells
Mitosis Creates
Makes everything other than sex cells
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