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Labelling Theory Essay (Effects of labelling (Lemert- Constant labelling…
Labelling Theory Essay
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Differential enforcement
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Pilivian and Briar- police decisions to arrest based on stereotype ideas: class, gender, ethnicity
Cicourel (1976) argues police use Typifications of 'typical delinquent'. Morel likely to be stopped and charged
Working-class and ethnic minority juveniles- More likely to be stopped and more likely to be charged.
Middle class- Less likely to fit, parents can negotiate
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Working class fit police Typifications, so police patrol working class areas, more arrests.
Crime stats, recorded by police do no give a valid picture of crime patterns
Cicourel argues we cannot take crime stats seriously treat them as a topic and investigate processes
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Primary- Deviant acts that have not been particularly. Most go uncaught don't usually see themselves as deviant
Secondary- Results in societal reaction, labelling involves stigmatising and excluding from normal society. Others see in terms of label which result in their master status.
Labelling theory fails to explain why people commit primary deviance in the first place, before they are labelled.
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Further societal reaction may reinforce outsider status joining deviant subcultures that offers support
Young's Marijuana Study
Drug use initially peripheral to the hippies lifestyle (primary) but police persecution of them junkies (reaction) led to retreat within closed groups where drug use became centeral
Sometimes accused of being too deterministic of assuming that once labelled, as SFP is inevitable. Although this is often the case the individual is always free to choose not deviate further.
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