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Policing II (Decision Making, Force and Corruption (Discretion- Decision…
Policing II
Decision Making, Force and Corruption
Discretion- Decision making based on opinions, beliefs, based on the situation
Factors on Decision Making: Nature of crime, Relationship between victim and alleged perpetrator, Relationship between Police and victim/perpetrator, Race, Ethnicity, Age, Gender, Class, and Departmental Policy
Use of Force- Body, Gun, Handcuffs, Mace, Baton, and taser
Excessive Force- Practice of culture which is further based on the perception of danger
Police Corruption: Grass eaters vs. Meat Eaters
Battling Corruption has to be a cultural change among a police force, changing internal affairs to handle corruption, civilian review of police, accreditation to professionalize the police, and lawsuits to change the process of the law
History of Policing
Political Era (1842-1920) was based off of a lot of corruption
Colonial Era started as a "watch system'
Professional Era (1920-1970) was merit based and had a strong base of individuals controlling areas
Started in Great Britain by Sir Robert Peel
Community Era (1970-Present) was Community based policing, corrections, and probability-oriented policing which gave the community a sense of responsibility in helping prevent crime and putting crime offenders away
Police Subculture and the Working Personality
Working Personality: Set of Emotional and Behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to their work situation and environmental influences
Danger, Implicit Bias, Authority, Morality, Isolation, and Stress
Stress is broken down into 4 sections: External, Organizational, Personal, and Operational
Police Wellness
Police Subculture that establishes healthy coping mechanisms, shifts police mindsets, stress reduction, and Critical Incident Management Programs
Police and the Law
Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure
Main aspects are Privacy, Plain View, Reasonable Suspicion, and Exclusionary Rule
Police can search through consent, incident to lawful arrest, without warrant (Terry v. Ohio), and with warrant
Fifth Amendment: Self Incrimination
Six Amendment: Right to Council
New Era of Policing
Agencies are based on 4 levels: Federal, State, Local, and Special Jurisdiction
Evidence Based was a primary approach in policy making and tactical decision making for police departments
Security Management & Private Policing
Private Security is a source of management used in public events