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ENZYMES (what are enzymes? (characteristics of enzymes (lock and key…
ENZYMES
what are enzymes?
proteins that function as biological catalysts
enzymes lower activation energy
activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction
what do enzymes catalyse?
digestion
digestive enzymes
maltase
protease
amylase
lipase
build up or substances (anabolic reactions)
ex: amino acids-polypeptides-protein
break down substances (catabolic reactions)
ex: hydrogen peroxide-oxygen+water
characteristics of enzymes
remain unchanged
required in minute amounts
speed up chemical reactions
highly specific in action
have specific 3-D shape
lock and key hypothesis
depends on active sites
will form enzyme-substrate complex
the specificity of an enzyme is due to the 3-D shape of the substrate and the enzyme being complementary to each other
enzymes are affected by
temperature
enzymes denature at high temperatures
enzymes become inactive at low temperatures
enzymes are most active at optimum temperature
pH
enzymes denatured in acidic and alkaline solutions
enzymes are most active at optimum temperature
biological catalysts
what are catalysts?
a substance which can alter or speed up chemical reaction