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Mendellian Genetics (Non-Mendallian Inheritance (Incomplete dominance:…
Mendellian Genetics
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Punnet Squares
different possible combinations of alleles in their offspring are determined by filling in the cells of the Punnett square with the correct letters (alleles).
chart that allows you to easily determine the expected percentage of different genotypes in the offspring of two parents
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Theory of Heredity
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Mendel's theory of Heredity: a simple form of inheritance in which two alleles of a gene are inherited to result in one of several traits in offspring
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Gene: a segment of DNA that has the information to encode a polypeptide or RNA molecule. Mendel called these "heritable factors" or "heritable units," because in Mendel's time, DNA had not yet been identified
When two different alleles (heritable factors) are inherited together, one may be expressed, while the effect of the other may not be expressed
For each characteristic, an organism inherits two alleles (heritable factors), one from each parent. (traits can be inherited by either parent)
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Testcross
an individual with the unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual to determine genotype when individual has a dominant phenotype
Crossing the unknown dominant phenotype (PP or Pp genotype) individual with the recessive phenotype individual:
produces only dominant phenotypes (no recessive), then the unknown individual = homozygous dominant
if recessive phenotypic individuals result, then the unknown individual has the recessive allele and the heterozygous genotype