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How Stalin controlled People (Propaganda (Education (Focussed on…
How Stalin controlled People
Instilling fear through purges
Old bolshevik leaders put on show trials
forced to confess to all charges and executed after confessions
serves as warning to public to minimise potential threats
Photographs & paintings of those purged removed
Eg. old heroes of October Revolution removed
People forgot abt them, downplay the importance of these leaders-->only rmb Stalin-->pledge loyalty &only support Stalin
NKVD conducted purges
forced them to sign confessions, implicate others to get arrested or else lives of family threatened
Purged Red Army, replacing them with less experienced generals
Given a quota to arrest a minimum No. of "enemies of the people"
creating an environment of fear
Secret police could arrest anyone without evidence
People were encouraged to tell on neighbours/family
NKVD often took people away from homes in middle of night/early hours of morning
LINK
People would self-censor themselves in whatever they say,
fearing that someone would report them
Since no one is able to give negative remarks--> no chance of an organised threat against Stalin
Propaganda
Arts
Only artists, musicians & writers who praised Stalin remained in jobs...those who didn't were sent to concentration camps
Cult of personality
all successes were attributed to Stalin
made people worship him as fatherly, cheerful & a popular leader
Education
Focussed on importance of Stalin & Lenin
to legitimise Stalin as their rightful successor
portrayed Stalin as a hero of the Oct Revolution
Trotsky was unfairly presented
caused people to lose respect for other leaders& only support Stalin
Teachers were closely watched-->purged if found to teach students to be anti-Stalin
Lack of variety in arts
people had no access to true facts, couldn't express genuine opinions
LINK
Russians would have no other form of information that could plant contrary ideas in people's minds that may spark criticism of Stalin
Since won't be exposed to anti-Stalin ideas, Russians would only worship and think highly of him
Religious persecution
Religious leaders were persecuted
Churches, mosques &other places of worship demolished,burnt
Russians not allowed to practise religion
Anti-religious pamphlets distributed-->condemn religion as "harmful superstition"
LINK
Religion often taught moral values & distinguish right from wrong
Since Stalin was the only person Russians worshipped,
people won't have the moral justice to oppose Stalin
Total of more than 20 mil russians purged