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LIBERALISM (Crisis (Ikenberry and liberalism phases (1.0: interwar …
LIBERALISM
Crisis
war recurring feature of anarchic systems
crisis in multilateral institutions
cooperation hard to implement (ex. financial crisis)
fragmented nature of political community
Ikenberry
and liberalism phases
1.0:
interwar
failed to replace old balande
2.0:
principles into regulatory rules
US hegemony rejected
paternalistic democracy promotion
3.0:
need for int. bodies to gain control
unrealistic
structural inequality+ new paterns of dominance
nation-state dysfunctional and innefective
not universal support- too Western
Core elements
(embedded in the West, resilient)
Equality under the law +basic human rights
Free market (gains for all, Cobden)
Economy unites- interdependence
People give legitimacy to the state
Liberty to own property/productive forces
Pluralism
individualism: constrains of power of states
Role of State
External defense
mantain internal peace with law
identity determines outward principles
basic ones:
non-interference
collective action
not autonomous actor
no national interest
Construction of international regimes
Treaties/conventions/decalrations
Geneva convention rules for armed conflicts
Declaraton of Human Rights (48)
Trading alliances
ECSC- 1951 Treaty of Paris
Mercosur- 1991 Treaty of Asuncion
NAFTA- 1994
Institutions
World Bank
International Labor Organization
Int./trans. actors
League of Nations(29-46)
UN
EU- 1993 Maastritch Treaty
Schenger Agreement of 1995, from free trade area to political union
Creation of the liberal state
thinkers of the Enlightment (age of rights, citizenship, peace manifestos)
Jeremy Bentham:
power of law
Immanuel Kant:
transformation of indv. conciousnness
republican constitutionalism
federal contract btwn countries to abolish war
legacy of Enlightment
Democratic Peace Thesis
(Doyle)
restrain among liberal states
"international imprudence in relation with non liberal states (agressive)
Francis Fukuyama (89): more stability internally and internationally
shift from idea of National Harmony of Interest to peace must be constructed
Woodrow and league of nations
pragmatic shift after WWII: creation of UN
self-determination
collective security
Integration theory
(David Mitrany, 43)
transnational corps needed to resolve common probs
ramification: may sectors in colab
Keohane and Nye(72)
importance of trans. coorporations and NGOs
INTERDEPENDENCE
(less sovereignty)
Neoliberals
shared assumptions with neorealist:
anarchic int. structure
centrality of states
rational approach to iniquiry
cooperation and reciprocity
mutual gains when coop. agreements
free trade does not solely guarantee peace