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PITUITARY GLAND DRUGS: Posterior Lobe (OXYTOCIN: (Synthocinon…
PITUITARY GLAND DRUGS:
Posterior Lobe
OXYTOCIN:
(Synthocinon injection)
Mechanism of Action:
As for endogenous oxytocin, but with little vasopressin activity stimulates uterine contraction. Stimulates lactating breast to eject milk.
Indications:
Induction of labour.
Inadequate uterine effort.
Uterine hypotonicity in the third stage off labour.
Controlling postpartum bleeding.
Nursing Considerations:
Side Effects:
Fast, slow or uneven heart rate
-nExcessive bleeding long after childbirth
Headache
Confusion
Slurred speech
Hallucination
Severe vomiting
Muscle cramps
Seizure (convulsion)
Hypertension
Containdications:
Foetal distress
Total placenta Previa
Vasa Previa
Cord presentation or prolapse
Uterine hyperactivity or hypertonicity
Cervical cancer
Hydramnios
Prematurity
Major cervical history
Major uterine history
Route of Administration:
Intramuscular (IM)
Intervalvular (IVU)
Intravenous (IV)
Storage Conditions:
Should be stored under refrigeration as much as possible.In case refrigerated storage is not available, temporary storage outside the refrigerator at maximum 30°C is acceptable for a period not exceeding 3 months.
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH):
DESMOPRESSIN (Minirin Melt)
Mechanism of Action:
Synthetic analogue of vasopressin, but with greater antidiuretic activity, more prolonged action and less pressor activity. Acts on renal collecting tubules, increasing permeability to water reabsorption. High doses increase Factor VIII coagulant activity and von Willebrand factor activity and also release of plasmogen activator. Slight oxytocic effect vasodilation.
Indications:
Diabetes insipidus
Diagnostically to determine renal concentrating capacity.
Before dental or minor surgery in mild and moderate haemophilia A and von Willebrand’s disease to increase factor VII levels
Bleeding in patients with platelet dysfunction
Primary nocturnal enuresis
Nursing Considerations:
Side Effects:
(Diabetes insipidus) headache,cold, increased weight, dizziness, sore throat, depression
(Nocturnal enuresis) headache, respiratory disorders, coughing,sore throat, nasal congestion, asthma, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, fever, flu-like symptoms, allergy, earache, ear infection
(nasal spray) nausea, nasal congestion, rhinitis,flushing, nosebleed, upper respiratory infection
(Rare) water intoxication, hyponatraemia, edema.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity
Moderate to severe renal impairment
Hyponatremia or history of hyponatremia
Storage Conditions:
Store in the refrigerator between 36-46 degrees F (2-8 degrees C). When traveling, this product may remain at room temperature at 72 degrees F (22 degrees C) away from light and moisture for up to 3 weeks. Discard after 3 weeks out of the refrigerator. Keep the bottle upright. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product
Route of Administration:
Intranasal
Intravenous
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
VASOPRESSIN:
(Pitressin)
Mechanism of Action:
Direct antidiuretic action on the distal renal tubule by increasing permeability to water reabsorption. Causes contraction of smooth muscle of GI tract and vascular bed (especially capillaries, small arterioles and venules).
Indications:
Symptomatic control of diabetes insipidus
Prevention and control of abdominal distention
Dispelling gas shadows in abdominal X-rays.
Nursing Considerations:
Side Effects:
Pallor
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, flatulence
Tremor, sweating, pounding in head, vertigo
Anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchial constriction
(Rare) water intoxication, anaphylaxis
Contraindications:
Migraine headache
Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Heart failure
Asthma
Chronic inflammation of kidney
Uraemia
Seizures.
Route of Administration:
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Storage Conditions:
Store between 2°C and 8°C once removed from refrigeration, unopened vial should be marked to indicate the revised 12 month expiration date