Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Mendel's Genetics (CK12 lessons 1-4) (Mendel's Theory of Heredity,…

- - - - One characteristic at a time
        
        First characteristic: Color
        
        Cross pollinated- purple and white flower parent plants- parent plants referred to as "P"
- - - - all purple flowers- no white flowers
        
        mendel assumed some inherited the white traits and some inherited the purple
        
        wondered if the white factor just disappeared for F1
        
        tested theory by allowing F1 to self-pollinate.
  - - - from experiment above, some plants had white flowers
        
        for every 3 purple flowers, there was 1 white flower
        
        a true breeding plant will always produce offspring with that trait when they self-pollinate
- - - - based off that. mendel formed his first law of inheritance: law of segregation
        
        law of segregation: two factors controlling a given characteristic, one of which dominates the other, and these factors separate and go to different gametes when a parent reproduces
        
        when gametes are formes, the two alleles of each gene are separated
        
        the law of segregation states that a pair of alleles is segregated during the formation of gametes and that each gamete has an equal chance of getting either one of the alleles
- - - - different versions of genes known as alleles
- - - - mendel stated that heritable factors are segregated during gamete formation, this law states that a pair of alleles is separated, or segregated, during the formation of gametes.
        
        during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly separated. each resulting gamete has an equal probability or chance of receiving either of the two alleles - each gamete has only one allele for each gene
- - - - when the F1 generation plants self-pollinated, however, their offspring—the F2 generation—showed all possible combinations of the two characteristics
- - - - the law of independent assortment: it states that factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other.
        
        linked genes are genes that are located close together (on the same chromosome)
        
        unlinked genes, a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio will result in the offspring of a cross of two complete heterozygous individuals
        
        in a cross involving pea plants heterozygous for two traits, 9/16 of the offspring will be dominant for both traits
        
        mendel's experiments demonstrated that alleles of each gene separate independently during gamete formation