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RI & C Success & Failure (Collectivisation (What is it? (Peasants…

- - - - People in cities lived in cramped conditions -->Poor sanitation--->widespread of diseases
      - Workers couldn't read/write-->machines spoilt easily-->didn't know how to repair-->machines left lying on floor
    - - Couldn't buy clothes, houses poorly heated
      - Basic goods in short supply
      - Russians suffered during winter
      - Since basic needs are not met-->quality of life deteriorated
    - - encouraged to be shock workers like Alexsei Stakhanov
      - If protest, severely dealt with
      - Had to meet appalling, unrealistic targets
      - Had no rights to voice opinions-->work was forced
  - - - Factories built in East of Ural Mountains-->ensured USSR's industrial capacity cos factories protected from attack from the West
      - Helped USSR face threat from Germany's attack in 1941
    - - Women given more opportunities to work
      - allowed women to hold equal importance in society
      - Stalin believed every able-bodied person should be able to help modernise USSR
    - - allowed workers to maintain work-life balance
      - would be motivated to work harder
      - Hard work rewarded with medals & cheap holidays
      - Salaries were based on how much workers produced
    - - Primary education made compulsory
      - Thousands of teachers, scientists, engineers well trained
      - New schools, colleges, universities built
      - Russians could now obtain well-paying, high skilled jobs
      - Improving education-->More Russians can contribute to economy + higher standards of living
- - - - Peasants forced to sign documents agreeing to collective farms
      - Farmers rioted, engaged in armed resistance to protest--> either shot/sent to labour camps--> 7 million kulaks killed
      - 17 million horses were killed
        
        not enough tractors to replace horses killed
        
        Farmers didn't know how to operate tractors -->Spoilt tractors were left lying around
        
        Led to food shortage in Ukraine
    - - Farmers rather burnt crops than hand them over to govt officials
      - Severe food shortage
        
        Eg. Ukraine 1931, 10 million peasants died
        
        Stalin rejected USA's offer for food
        
        Stalin even sold some crops to buy machines-->priority given to crops than saving people's lives