Response to the great depression
Leaders: Franklin D Roosevelt 
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The crash of 1929: The crash of 1929 was a huge stock market crash. On black thrusday, the market crashed 11%, but was brought back to just a 2% fall. Black Friday, it was raised 2%, then on black Monday it fell 13%, and on black Tuesday, it fell 11%. This resulted in a 30 billion dollar loss, which is 396 billion dollars in todays value, more than WW1 cost.
Government: Democratic Republic
Smoot-Hawley Tariff act of 1930: The Smoot-Hawley Tariff act or the United States tariff act of 1930 raised tariffs of imported goods. This protected American businesses and farmers who would have had to compete against other nations to sell their goods in America. This helped American economies, but hurt other global economies who were also struggling due to the depression.
Social conditions for Americans: Higher rates of crime, and usage of cigars, cigarettes and alcohol were all effects of the Great depression. Higher education was highly improbable for most Americans due to the cost, and a lot of people didn’t have health care, because of the cost. Poverty and unemployment rates rose and so did the malnutrition.
Keynesian Economics:Keynesian economics was a theory that said an open market would keep away highs and lows of economy. This is because government cannot inflate money worth, and so a government without control over the trade and business, would lead to higher sales and more employment.
Type of government:Fascist
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The Fascist State
This was a state under Benito Mussolini. The goal of this was to restore nationalism to Italy by showing off power to other countries. They attack Ethiopia and caused terror towards there leftist opponents. After failure to sign a treaty with western power, Fascist Italy eventually signed a treaty with Nazi Germany.
Leader: Benito Mussolini
Hitler’s Rise to Power
Hitler first started off rising to power, and getting popularity because many people were mad at the government for getting out of WW1, and he blamed the Jews for that. After getting rejected once, the Nazi party rose again, and Hitler ran for president, but lost. He eventually got a job in the government, got emergency powers and that is how he got to be dictator.
The Racial State
The Nazi party had a standard for people to be white, blonde hair and blue eyes. This was considered to be the perfect Arian race, and wanted to get rid of anyone else, especially if they were Jewish.
National Socialism
This was the idea of extreme nationalism in Germany, arising with the Nazi party. This was like fascisms, but extreme. This was the idea of persecuting and killing Jews.
Women and Race
Hitler and the Nazi party believed that women would play a huge role, especially women of the perfect Arian race, because they could carry as many perfect Arian babies as possible.
Nazi party: This was a party that rose with the rise of Hitler. They were extremist, they blamed the Jews for the Germans losing WW1, which lead to poverty and famine in Germany.
Nazi Eugenics
This was the idea of scientist altering, or people only making babies that would have perfect genetics. This was going on with the thought of a perfect Arian race.
Government type: Dictatorship
Anti-Semitism
This was the mistreatment towards Jews.
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Nuremberg Laws
These were laws passed that legally segregated Jews and normal Germans. Including Jews and Germans having relationships and other laws.
Leader: Hitler
Kristallnacht
This were the nights of November 9th and 10th, where a wave of segregation and violent anti-Jewish went through Germany.
Government: Federation
• Bolshevik Revolution
This was when Lenin arrived back from his exile in Soviet Union, and joined the Bolshevik party to try and overthrow the Russian government and turn it into a proletarian government.
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• New Economic Policy (NEP)
After war communism completely destroyed the Soviet Union economy, Vladimir Lenin needed a new policy, especially if he wanted to stay in power. This is when he introduces the New Economic Policy, which let people go back to agricultural production, more trade and let there be private businesses again.
Leaders: Vladamir Lenin
Joseph Stalin
• War Communism
This was put in place during the Russian civil war by the Bolsheviks, and it said that all surplus off food by the pheasant class was to be given to the government, and that there would be a nationwide industrialization and ending of private businesses.
• Five-Year Plans
The 5 year plans were introduced by Joseph Stalin, and they were goals for production and economy in the Soviet Union in 5 year increments. These plans pushed people away from agricultural production and into factories, like war communism. The created groups of farmers to farm huge plots of land for the population, while the other people worked to catch up to the rest of the world through major industrialization.
• Collectivization
This was the idea of putting farmers on the same plot of land and having all of them cultivate the entire land, giving the food to the government, before they got any of it. This was bad because a bad fielding year, flood and other natural disaster could easily wipe out the field, and cause mass starvation for the Soviet Union
• The Great Purge
This was the mass prosecution and murdering of communist leaders, people who opposed Stalin, and members of the Red Army.
• The New Deal
This was when FDR first came into office. First, he closed all the banks for a 4-day banking holiday. This kept people from withdrawing there money from banks. Then congress passed the emergency banking act which re-organized and closed banks that were going under. After this he encouraged people to put their money back in banks and towards then end of the month, about 75% of Americans put their money back in banks.