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Coast Revision (The Jurassic Coast (Durlston (Headland) (Formed when the…

- - - - Creates a wave-cut notch
- - - - The water will freeze
        
        Expand by 9-10% putting pressure on the rock
    - - Rock will weaken and break into fragments
    - - More common on north facing slopes like snowdonia
  - - - When the reactants react it creates calcium bicarbonate
        
        CaCO3 + H2CO3 --> Ca(HCO3)2
        Calcium Carbonate + Carbonic Acid --> Calcium bicarbonate
- - - - The longshore drift continues perpendicularly to move down the coastline even when the headland shape changes causing a saltmarsh to be formed behind the spit
      - Overtime the deposits accumulate to rise above sea level to form the spit
    - - Formed when a spit continues to grow outwards joining an offshore island
      - Lagoons formed when a shallow lake is formed behind it
    - - Waves approach the coast at an oblique angle
      - Swash carries materials up the beach at the same angle
      - Backwash carries materials down perpendicularly down the beach
      - This results in a zig-zag movement of materials along the coast
  - - - A low-lying inlet of land on the coast
    - - A steep rock face, especially at the edge of the sea.
    - - A high area of land that extends out into the sea.
    - - A flat area in front of a cliff, just below the low tide mark. These were formed when the waves eroded the cliff, but left a flat platform behind.
    - - Widened in the headland through the erosional processes of hydraulic action and abrasion
    - - As the waves continue to grind away at the crack, it begins to open up to form a cave.
    - - The cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch.
    - - The base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea. This leaves a stack
    - - The stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump.
- - - - dissipates the wave energy
      - long term option
      - Waves Scour at the sea wall
      - Very Expensive
      - Ugly but long lasting
      - Sustainable
    - - Hard Rock blocking waves
      - Long term option
      - Absorbs the wave energy
      - Not safe for tourists
      - Expensive but long term option
      - Very sustainable
    - - Built out at right angles
      - Limits longshore drift
      - Fixes the problem at that place
        
        Creates a problem further down
      - Cheap option for wood but rots easily
      - More long term for rocks but more expensive
      - Material dependant
      - Unnatural look
      - High Costs
    - - Cages full of boulders
        
        Absorb the wave energy
      - Cheap option
      - Break Easily
      - Dangerous if broken
      - Unnatural Look
      - Short Term option
        
        20-30 years
    - - Breaks the waves
      - Different Materials
        
        Wood
        
        Cheap but rots quickly
        
        Concrete
        
        More Expensive but longer lasting
      - Short Term Answer
      - Not very sustainable
      - Unnatural look
  - - - Allows the natural processes to happen
      - Compensation if houses fall
      - No cost otherwise
      - Unstable land
      - Environmentally sustainable
      - Socially and economically non sustainable
    - - Pumps sand and shingle onto the beach
      - Natural
      - Beach higher and wider
      - Using natural materials
      - Cheap
      - Efforts wasted after longshore drift
      - Repeated Frequently
      - Not Very sustainable
      - Repeats every 5-10 years
- - - - Acids contained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone.
    - - Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother.
    - - Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.
    - - Air may become trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff face. When a wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causes erosion
  - - - Higher wind speed
      - Duration of wind
      - Size of fetch
    - - Natural or man made structures
      - Prevailing winds lessen erosion
    - - Hard or Soft rock