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Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction ((Present the content, Use strategies…
Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction
1. Gain attention of the students
Ensure the learners are ready to learn and participate in activities by presenting a
stimulus to gain their attention.
Methods for gaining learners’ attention include:
— Stimulate students with novelty, uncertainty and surprise
— Pose thought-provoking questions to the students
— Have students pose questions to be answered by other students
2. Inform students of the objectives
Inform students of the objectives or outcomes to help them understand what they
are to learn during the course. Provide objectives before instruction begins.
Methods for stating the outcomes include:
— Describe required performance
— Describe criteria for standard performance
— Learner establishes criteria for standard performance
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning
Help students make sense of new information by relating it to something they
already know or something they have already experienced.
Methods for stimulating recall include:
— Ask questions about previous experiences
— Ask students about their understanding of previous concepts
Present the content
Use strategies to present and cue lesson content to provide more effective,
efficient instruction. Organize and chunk content in a meaningful way. Provide
explanations after demonstrations.
Ways to present and cue lesson content include:
— Present vocabulary
— Provide examples
— Present multiple versions of the same content, e.g., video,
demonstration, lecture, podcast, group work
— Use a variety of media to address different learning preferences
5. Provide learning guidance
Advise students of strategies to aid them in learning content and of resources availabel
Methods to provide learning guidance include:
— Provide instructional support as needed – as scaffolds (cues, hints, prompts) which can be removed after the student learns the task or conten
t
— Model varied learning strategies – mnemonics, concept mapping, role, playing, visualizing
— Use examples and non-examples – in addition to providing examples, use non examples to help students see what not to do
.
— Provide case studies, analogies, visual images and metaphors – case studies for real world application, analogies for knowledge construction
visual images to make visual associations, metaphors to support learning
6. Elicit performance (practice)
Activate student processing to help them internalize new skills and knowledge and to confirm correct understanding of these concepts
Ways to activate learner processing include:
— Elicit student activities – ask deep-learning questions, make reference to what students already know or have students collaborate with their peers
— Facilitate student elaborations – ask students to elaborate or explain details and provide more complexity to their responses
— Help students integrate new knowledge – provide content in a context rich way (Use real world examples)
7. Provide feedback
Provide immediate feedback of students’ performance to assess and facilitate learning
Types of feedback include:
— Confirmatory feedback – Informs the student they did what he or she were supposed to do
— Corrective and remedial feedback – informs the student the accuracy of their performance or response
— Remedial feedback – Directs students in the right direction to find the correct answer but does not provide the correct answer
— Informative feedback – Provides information (new, different, additions, suggestions) to a student and confirms that you have been actively listening
— Analytical feedback – Provides the student with suggestions, recommendations and information from them to correct their performance
8. Assess performance
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional events, you must test to
see if the expected learning outcomes have been achieved. Performance should
be based on previously stated objectives.
9. Enhance retention and transfer to the job
To help learners develop expertise, they must internalize new knowledge.
Methods for helping learners internalize new knowledge include:
— Paraphrase content
— Use metaphors
— Generating examples
— Create concept maps or outlines
— Create job-aids, references, templates, or wizards