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Gender roles + DOL (A COUPLES BECOMING MORE EQUAL? (Taking responsibility…
Gender roles + DOL
A COUPLES BECOMING MORE EQUAL?
The March of progress view
Similar to Young and Wilmott's symmetrical family
Men = more housework Women= more paid work
Gershuny (1994)
Argues: Women working full time= more equal DOL
Study: Women working did less housework
Sullivan (2000)
Found: Increase in DOL Women doing less house work
The Feminist View
Women working ≠ Equality in DOL
Little sign of 'new man'
Social attitudes survey: (2012)
AV: 👨 8 hrs/week 👩 13 hrs/week
Overall: 👩 x2 work of 👨
👩= KKK 👨 = repairs
Taking responsibility for children
Boulton (1938)
👨= some childcare tasks 👩 = child's security & well being
Ferri & Smith (1996)
👨= responsible for child in 4% of families
Dex & Ward (2007)
78% of 👨 play with children
BUT: only 1% of 👨 care for sickness
Braun, Vincent & Ball (2011)
study; 3/70 👨 main carer
Emotional Work and the Triple Shift
Hoschild (2013):
Managing emotions and feelings of family members
Marsden (1995)
Triple shift - housework, paid work and emotion work
Taking responsibility for 'quality time'
Southerton (2011)
Responsibility of coordinating, scheduling and managing fams quality time = 👩
Leisure time=
👨= Solid block of leisure👩= interrupted by childcare
Explaining Gender division of Labour
Crompton & Lyonette (2008)
Cultural/ ideological exp of Inequality
DOL= determined by patriarchal Norms and values, women do domestic labour bc SOCIETY
Material/economic Exp of Inequality
Women earn less, therefore women should do housework while men earn
Evidence for cultural EXP (equality can be reached when norms & values abt GR change)
Gershuny (1994)
Couples gender roles = equal if their parents were equal
Kan (2001)
Younger men do more domestic work - generational shift is occurring.
British Social Attitudes Survey (2013)
less than 10% of >35s agreed w DOL, as 30% of >65s agreed with DOL
Dunne (1999)
Lesbian couples has symmetrical relationships
Evidence for Material EXP
Kan
for every GBP10,000 a year more a woman earns, she does 2 hours less house work a week
Sara, Arber, and Jay Ginn (1995)
Better paid MC women , can afford labour-saving devices - eg ready meals
Ramos (2003)
when women is bread winner, & man unemployed - same amount of housework
DOMESTIC DIVISION OF LABOUR
PARSONS
instrumental role
husband: breadwinner, financial stability
Expressive role
wife: primary socialisation, family emotional needs
YOUNG AND WILLMOT
the symmetrical family:
more = shared roles
family life gradually improving for all members
three main things:
Women now work (even just part time)
men help with housework and children (new man)
joint leisure time
WHY
changes in roles of women
geographical nobility
new technology
higher living standards
ELIZABETH BOTT
two roles in marriages
segregated conjugal roles
male breadwinner, female caretaker
joint conjugal roles
couple shares task such as housework and childcare
FEMINIST VIEW OF HOUSEWORK
feminists reject the view of 'march of progress'
argue that little has changed
men and women still not equal
Ann Oakley
critiques Y + W view of symmetrical family
found some evidence of husband helping but NO trend
husband more likely to help with children than domestic work