Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

ORNITHOLOGY QUIZ 3 (MOVEMENT MIGRATION & NAVIGATION (Ecology of…

- - - - Blackcaps demonstrate a wide variety of migratory behaviors dependent on geographic location
  - - - Day & Night (Sun position/polarization)
      - Celestial Cues (astronomy)
      - Magnetic field
      - Geographical markers (ex. building or mountain)
      - History (and evolutionary)
      - internal clock (Zugen ruhe migrating restlessness)
  - - - passerine birds hide and retrieve seeds
  - - - Migration Bottlenecks vs. broad front
      - Long haul Flights vs. Short hops refueling en route
      - Males & Females Together vs. Separate Destinations (differential migration
      - Different breeding pops will use diff. wintering areas and may leap frog over each other to reach them
    - - Migratory species depend on a suite of interconnected sites. Threats to unprotected links in these chains of sites are driving rapid population declines of migrants around the world, yet the extent to which different parts of the annual cycle are protected remains unknown. We show that just 9% of 1451 migratory birds are adequately covered by protected areas across all stages of their annual cycle, in comparison with 45% of nonmigratory birds. This discrepancy is driven by protected area placement that does not cover the full annual cycle of migratory species, indicating that global efforts toward coordinated conservation planning for migrants are yet to bear fruit. Better-targeted investment and enhanced coordination among countries are needed to conserve migratory species throughout their migratory cycle EFFORT MUST BE MADE WORLDWIDE.
    - - One leading theory holds that avian migration evolved by a gradual extension of smaller annual movements as birds searched for improved food or breeding opportunities. Individuals whose movements gave them better chances to survive and reproduce passed that migratory behavior along to their offspring. So, what at one time might have been a short jaunt to and from a seasonal feeding ground might over time have become exaggerated as climates or resources changed.
      - A key force in this evolution may have been the earth’s many cycles of environmental change, including, over the last 2.5 million years, more than 20 glacial cycles. The most recent of these was the melting and retreat of vast ice sheets about 15,000 years ago. One can imagine that, with every cycle of Pleistocene glaciation, migrants retreated to more southern breeding localities and made shorter migrations while the ice ruled the north. Then, when the ice receded, the migrants moved north to take advantage of renewed breeding opportunities in the unoccupied habitat that emerged.
- - - - Ovary is in infundibulum, goes to magnum region (ovum & albumen-watersouce), goes to isthmus region (shell membrane forms), uterus region (coloring, spotting off egg), vagina/cloaca region.
    - - :potato:oblong/oval : common (birds, chickens, ducks, etc)
      - :egg: cone shape: prevents from falling- cliff nesters
      - :white_circle:circle- energy efficient. Cavity nesting bird. No pigment. (No need to have pigment bc eggs are laid in cavity)
  - - - :female_sign:Female: ZW
      - :male_sign: Male: ZZ
  - - - Developmental Strategies
        
        Precocial- (ex. ducks, REKN) chicks born with feathers (usually down) can walk and fend for themselves when hatched. Minimal parental dependence
        
        Altricial (ex. passerines)- chicks born naked (no feathers/down, blind, fully dependent on parent.
        
        ^^^ exists as a spectrum