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Responses to the Great Depression (Germany (Leader : Adolf Hitler adolfo…
Responses to the Great Depression
United States
Leader
: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Flag
: United States Flag
Government Type
: Democratic Republic
The Crash of 1929
: The catalyst that sparked the Great Depression in the United States. This event, often referred to as "Black Tuesday", was when 16 million shares were traded in one day. This caused many investors to lose their shares and caused economic turmoil throughout the United States.
American Economic Contraction
: The American Economy was destroyed after the fall of the stock market. This caused the Americans to not be able to produce as much products, and cause wages to go down. In addition to this over 25% of all Americans were unemployed, which was an all time high
.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930
: This was an act supported by Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley. It raised tariffs on over 20,000 goods and cause a increase of money to flow to the US. It was meant to help, but it damaged the economy even more after the Great Depression and caused it to last longer.
Social Conditions for Americans
: Americans were greatly affected by the Great Depression and this caused crime rates to go up as people stole to gain a little money, a higher crime rate was supported because many people had to move to the cities for work, and the quality of life for Americans wend down severely.
Keynesian Economics
: The belief that short term things can affect the government for a long time. This was evident with the stock market crash and its prolonged effects. This was developed in response to the Great Depression and it tried to explain why it happened.
The New Deal
: This was the event where the government intervened in order to save the United States Economy. It was enacted by Franklin Roosevelt, and it covered many areas from work projects to federal reforms. One of the most notable things that came from this is Social Security, which has a large part in our lives even today.
Italy
Leader
Benito Mussolini
Flag
Italian Flag
Government
: Fascism
The Fascist State
: This was put in place by Mussolini and was where a group called the National Fascist Party (PNF) took control of Italy and installed a Fascist government this took place in 1922 and they ruled until 1943. They controlled most of the economy and were very Nationalist. This was basically a dictatorship ruled by one man the whole time, Benito Mussolini.
Soviet Union
Leader
: Joseph Stalin
Leader
: Vladimir Lenin
Flag
: Soviet Union Flag
Type of Government
: Communism : Where the government has total control of the economy. It is led by a single leader and was originally developed by Karl Marx and later built upon by Vladimir Lenin.
The Bolshevik Revolution
: Also known as Red October, the revolution took place in Petrograd. This was over the course of one day, and it was the stepping stone for the revolution that installed Communism in Russia. It was led by Vladimir Lenin. It ended when the then leader Alexander Kerensky fled to the Winter Palace. And was an overall success.
War Communism
: This was the political system put in Place by Vladimir Lenin during the Russian Civil War. It instituted full control over the exports and imports of Russia and was used as a way to keep the soldiers of the Red Army fed and to make sure they still had power. It destroyed the economy of the people while it was put in place. And it overall failed and was repealed.
New Economic Policy (NEP)
: This was the policy put in place after War Communism and was meant as a way to fix the economy of Russia that had been struggling at the time. It reintroduced money into the economy of Russia and allowed for small amounts of private ownership to emerge. And this was passed by Lenin.
Five-Year Plans
: This was a way to control the economy by designating production 5 years in advance, this was implemented by Joseph Stalin, and was meant as a way to have more control over the economy.
Collectivization
: This was a system put in place by Joseph Stalin, and was used to give more state control. It made farmers move off their land and it was given to the state to control, and allowed the people who owned the land to work there. It was very unpopular as before it was enacted, the people were allowed to own their own farms. This was ended after revolts were started and had a very negative effect.
The Great Purge
: This was an event where anyone suspected of being against Stalin was targeted by the government. It caused many people such as military leaders to lose their rank and many civilians were shot and collected.
Germany
Leader
: Adolf Hitler
Government Type
: Fascism
Flag
: Nazi Flag
Nazi Party
: The National Socialist German Workers Party was the party that took over Germany during the 1920s to 1945. They were led by Adolf Hitler and they implemented fascism on their people(despite their name). Their goal was a better Germany, and they wanted to reach this with any means they could.
National Socialism
: Often referred to as Nazism, this was a form of fascism implemented by the Nazi party in Germany, and it focused greatly on antisemitism and scientific racism.
Hitler's Rise to Power
: Hitler was a poor aspiring artist who was impoverished in Germany. He was a veteran from World War ! and he believed that their loss was humiliating. He wanted a better Germany, and he chose to do this by a public speaker. He spoke on behalf of the Nazi Party which was a sort of paramilitary group. He gain support through his public speaking and decided to run for head and he lost. He was greatly valued by the people so the man who won, Paul von Hindenburg, invited Hitler to join the government, where Hitler weaseled his way into power.
The Racial State
: The NSDAP was in total control and they decided to force their views on the people of Germany. They believed in a "Pure Race" and they enforced this with science, often referred to as Scientific Racism. The believed that "Pure Germans" were the only people they had room for in Germany and they killed those they didn't believe belonged.
Women and Race
: The Germans believed that women should make more babies in order to support the growing fascism that was rising in Germany. Not only this, but Germans also believed women and people of other races shouldn't hold roles in government and so they were prohibited from doing so. Although their were pushes for more female leadership.
Nazi Eugenics
: The Nazi's believed in a perfect race and they did this through mathematics/science by measuring people to see if they fit within this perfect race
Anti-Semitism
: The Nazis wanted to blame their loss in WWI on many groups, but the main one was people that followed Judaism. The stripped the people of their rights and forced them to follow special policies. The didn't allow them places and this greatly paralleled American Racism during the time before the 1950s/60s.
Nuremberg Laws
: A set of laws passed against the marriage of Jewish people and Germans. It gave the right to marriage to only certain people, and decided who was considered German and who was considered Jewish by heritage.
Kristallnacht
: Meaning "Crystal Night", this was the time where German citizens and the SA paramilitary destroyed Jewish synagogues and businesses. It was called the Crystal Night because of all the glass that littered the streets from the ransacked businesses that had been destroyed. They were in retaliation for a Nazi party diplomat who had been killed by a Jewish boy.
