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Responses to the Great Depression (Germany (Germany Flag germany, Adolf…
Responses to the Great Depression
United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt
US Flag
Type of Government:
The United States can be considered both a Representative Democracy and Republic. This is where the people elect representatives in the government and vote through the electoral college
The Crash of 1929
: this was the time in the United States where the stock market crashed. Because of the prospering of the stock market, it had actually been overvalued. On Black Thursday, the stock market fell and caused many people to become indebted and poor.
American Economic Contraction
: the American Economic Contraction is when the chaos caused by the Crash of 1929 effected the American people. Wages lowered, unemployment was at an all time high, and many people lost their savings as many banks closed.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930
: This tariff the United State's effort to conduct economic nationalism and be self sufficient in its economy. This tariff raised the taxes on many of the imported goods flowing into the country.
Social Conditions
: the social conditions during the Great Depression were terrible for the American people. With so many people now unemployed, families struggled to get even the basic necessities: food, shelter, and clothes.
Keynesian Economics
: These were the ideas of Keynes published in his book,
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
. He believed that capitalism was good for an economy and people needed to work for their money. However, when people are without jobs, he thinks that the government should step in and find work for others through the capitalist society.
The New Deal
: This was the program made by FDR of new economic reforms for the United States to try to get over the depression. Some things that happened were minimum wages and a way to prevent the bank from failing.
Italy
Italy Flag
Benito Mussolini
Type of Government:
Fascism, The government during the great depression was Fascism, a type of government started by Mussolini. The idea was to reintroduce the cultural, social, economic, etc identities of countries fallen from the Great War. This form of government was very focused on nationalism.
The Fascist State
: was under the dictatorship of Mussolini. All other parties were shut down and rights like freedom of speech and press were taken away from the people and he took away labor unions and strikes. People who revolted were imprisoned or exiled to remote islands. The movement never promoted racism or antisemitism until 1938 when they labeled all Jews unpatriotic and took away more of their rights and this could be explained the friendship between the two dictator, Adolf Hitler and Mussolini. From there on Italy and Germany were powerful countries in the world.
Soviet Union
Soviet Union Flag
Joseph Stalin
Vladimir Lenin
Type of Government:
Dictatorship/Socialist State, The government in the Soviet Union was a totalitarian type government where private property was abolished, but eventually partly given back under Lenin's rule. It could be considered a communist state with the installment of the collectivization of agriculture, or community farms ran by the government.
Five-Year Plans
: It was a plan to make the Soviet Union an industrial country. They planned to increase the productivity in the economy especially in the heavy industry. They wanted to get ahead in world power and they were behind many years of knowledge so they had to work hard to get leveled with the other countries.
New Economic Policy (NEP)
: restored the economy and some private enterprises. Large industries and banks stayed under the control of the government but the small businesses were returned to their owners. The peasants were able to sell their crops at fixed prices. They also made schools to train engineers.
War Communism
: they didn't want to change the economy they just wanted to emplace nationalization. The government holds all the property and they took crops from the peasants to fed the other citizens. They abolished revolts, rebellions, and strikes. Their economy was affected by all the factories that were destroyed and unpopulated cities.
Collectivization:
The government took all the private land from the farmers and made them farm on community land. They thought it would increase the efficiency of the agricultural production and made sure that everyone that worked in the factories was fed. Farmers revolted by killing their livestock and burning their crops which made them move to the city in search for work. Most starved and died after this.
Bolshevik Revolution
: The Bolsheviks were a group of working-class parties. They got control over the Petrograd soviet and fought to gain control over the government. They fought hard for ten days and were able to gain control. They wanted to destroy the traditional patterns and values in Russian society and challenge the institutions of liberal society everywhere.
The Great Purge:
this was when Stalin removed authority figures that were suspected of being on the opposite side. They were sent to labor camps or were executed. About one and a half million people were captured.
Germany
Germany Flag
Adolf Hitler
Type of Government:
Dictatorship, the government in Nazi Germany was a dictatorship led by Hitler and the Nazi Party with very little restrictions on what the government could do.
Hitler's Rise to Power
Power
National Socialism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i5EZPJPjhE
Nazi Party:
The Nazi Party was a political movement mainly supported by Adolf Hitler. They tried multiple times to overthrow the Weimar Republic, and eventually became successful when Hitler rose to power.
Women and Race:
The Nazi encouraged all women to get married as soon as possible and have children in order to bring up the declining birth rates. The Nazis only view women as child bearers. They made abortion illegal and eliminated many forms of birth control, and even made an award for those to had many children.
Nazi Eugenics
: There was sterilization of men and women because the Nazi party was obsessed with having "quality" offspring. This meant that they tried to eliminate mental illnesses or anything that would set people apart for the desired race. This was the predecessor of the murder of people due to racial differences.
Anti-Semitism
: anti-semitism is a prejudice against Jews based upon race. This was widely used in Germany under Nazi rule because they often used Jews as a scapegoat for the economic problems that were occurring. The horrendous goal of Hitler was to get rid of the Jewish population in Germany entirely.
Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
: This was a turning point for the Nazi Party and their persecution of Jews. On this night, The Nazis destroyed many Jews and their possessions, such as stores or businesses.
The Racial State:
: The Nazi Party was obsessed with creating a "pure" race. Their obsession was conduced by having the ultimate goal to eliminate racially inferior peoples because they stated their was simply no room for them in the German state.
