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Heating and Cooling (Radiation (In space there are no particles so…
Heating and Cooling
Radiation
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In radiation, radiant energy (infra-red) is given off by a hot object and absorbed by another object.
All hot objects radiate heat to the surroundings via infra-red waves- this heat radiation does not need particles, so it means heat can travel through a vacuum.
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Some surfaces are better at absorbing thermal radiation than others- good emitters are also good absorbents.
Matt black surfaces are the best absorbents of radiation whereas shiny surfaces are the worst emitters because they reflect most of the radiation away.
Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object. It is not the total amount of energy contained in the object.
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If there is liquid in two different beakers that are at a temperature of 50°C but one is twice as big as the other, it will contain twice as much heat energy as the other one. To heat both to the same amount, the liquid in beaker B must be given twice as much energy as the liquid in beaker A which increases the average speed of the particles in each liquid of the same amount.
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Heating solids, liquids and gases
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The particles in a solid do not get bigger but they vibrate faster and move further apart, taking up more space.
Railway tracks have gaps between them, so in the heat when they expand they will have space to do this.
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