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Digestive System Hailee McKiiney (Hepatitis (Type C (HCV spread through…
Digestive System Hailee McKiiney
also known as gastrointestinal system
physical and chemical breakdown of food for use by the body
alimentary canals and accessory glands
long muscular tube
example) stomach and small intestine
examples) salivary glands, tongue, and liver
mouth cavity
receives food as it enters body
actions in mouth consist of- food is tasted, broken down physically by teeth, salvia to lubricate and partially digest food, and swallowing
teeth
mastication- special structures in mouth that physically break down food by chewing and grinding
tongue
muscular organ that contains special receptors called taste buds
allows person to taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter senstations
pharynx/ throat
carries both air and food
carries bolus to esophagus
when bolus is swallowed epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering respiratory tract
esophagus
muscular tube behind trachea
carries bolus to stomach
peristalsis moves food towards stomach
stomach
receives food from esophagus
mucous membrane lining contain rugae
cardiac and pyloric sphincter
remains in stomach 1-4 hours
gastric juices
hydrochloric acid
kills bacteria, helps absorb iron and activate pepsin
pepsin
starts protein digestion
lipase
starts the chemical breakdown of fats
rennin
aids in the digestion of milk, but is only in infants
small intestine
receives food from stomach in the form of chyme
about 20ft. long 1 inch in diameter
divides into three sections
duodenum
first 9-10 in where bile from gallbladder, liver, and pancreatic juice enter section through ducts
jejunum
8ft
Ileum
12ft connects with lrg. intestine at cecum
walls of small intestine lined w/ villi (finger like projections, that the blood capillaries carry away nutrients to liver)
when exits small intestine, only wastes, indigestible materials, and excess water remain
large intestine
final section of alimentary canal
about 5ft long and 2in in diameter
functions- absorption of water and any remaining nutrients, storage of indigestible materials before eliminated in the body, synthesis and absorption of some B-complex and K vitamin
transportation of waste products out of alimentary canal
cemcum, colon, rectum
liver
largest gland in body
accessory organ for digestive system
location- under diaphragm and in URQ of abdomen
functions- secrete bile, produces heparin, produces cholestral, stores glucose, detoxifies substances
gallbladder
small muscular sac
location- under liver is attached by connective tissue
stores and concentrates bile
nile needed to emulsify fats
pancreas
fish shaped organ behind stomach
produces pancreatic juices to digest food
produces insulin
appendicitis
acute inflammation of the appendix, usually results from an obstruction and infection
symptoms include- increase WBC, nausea, vomiting
tx- surgery
cholecytitis
inflammation of gallbladder
when gallstones form from crystalized cholesterol, bile salts, and bile pigments the condition is known as cholelithiasis
symptoms include- indigestion, pain that starts in the under rib cage and radiates to right shoulder
if it blocks bile ducts, the gallbladder can rupture and cause peritnitis
cirrhosis
chronic distraction of liver cells accompanied by formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue
symptoms include- liver enlargement, edema, hepatic coma
tx- avoid alcohol, proper nutrition, and rest
constipation
fecal material remaining in colon too long causing excessive reabsorption of water
feces becomes too hard and dry and difficult to eliminate
causes- poor bowel habits, certain digestive tissues, and low fiber diet
tx- high fiber diet, fluids, exercise
Diarrhea
frequent watery stool
causes are infection, stress, irritated colon
can be extremely dangerous in infants and children
tx- directed toward eliminating the cause, replacing lost fluid and modifying the diet
Diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula that form in the intestine and mucosal lining pushes through the surrounding muscle
symptoms include-irregular bowel movements, low grade fever, nausea, and vomiting
tx- antibiotics, stool softener, pain meds, high fiber diet
gastroenteritis
inflammation of mucosal membrane that lines stomach
causes are food poisioning, infections, and toxins
symptoms include-abdominal cramping, fever, diarrhea
tx- rest and increase fluid intake
Hemorrhoids
painful dialated veins of rectum and or anus
causes are straining, pressure, and prolonged sitting or standing
symptoms- itching, pain, bleediing
tx- high fiber diet, sitz bath, stool softners
Hepatitis
viral inflammation of liver
type A
infectious hepatits
most benign form of hepatitis
type B
HBV or serum hepatitis is transmitted by body fluids
more serious than A
Type C
HCV spread through contact with blood or body fluids
sharing needles, passing from mother to fetus during birth
no vaccine
symptoms include- fever, anorexia, fatigue
tx- rest, high diet in protein and calories, liver transplant
Hernia
when an internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall
symptoms include- heartburn, chest pain, trouble swallowing
tx- bland diet,small frequent meals, surgical repair
Peritonitis
inflammation of abdominal peritoneal cavity, usually when a rupture of the intestines allows the contents to leak into abdominal cavity
symptoms include- distention, fever, nausea, vomiting
tx- antibiotics and possibly surgical repair
Ulcer
open sore on the lining of digestion tract
burning pain, bloody stool, indigestion
tx- anitbiotics, surgery in some case
Ulcerative Colitis
severe inflammation of colon then the formation of ulcers and abcesses
symptoms include- diarrhea that contians blood, pus and mucous, weight loss, and weakness
caused by stress or food allergy
tx- controlling inflammations, reduce stress, proper nutrition
