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Network Topologies, Protocols and Layers (The concept of layers
the…
Network Topologies, Protocols and Layers
:star: Protocols
- defines rules for data transmission
What it specifies:
- format of data packets
- addressing system
- transmission speed
- error-checking procedures being used
:star: TCP/IP Transmission Control protocol / Internet Protocol
- consists of two separate protocols
- IP protocol identifies the location of a device on the internet and routes the individual packets from sources to destination via routers
- used to route frames on a WAN
- TCP defines how messages are broken up into packets and reassembled at the destination
:star: HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
- used for accessing and receiving web pages in the form of HTML files on the internet
:star: HTTPS - (secure protocol)
- encrypts the information so that it cannot be understood if it's hacked
:star: FTP - File Transfer Protocol
- used when transferring computer files between a client and server on a computer network - based on client-server model and uses separate control and data connections between the client and server
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:star: POP - Post Office Protocol
- receives and holds email for an individual until they pick it up
- POP creates local copies of emails and deletes the originals from the server, the emails are tied to that specific device
:star: IMAP - Internet Messaging Access Protocol
- stores email messages on a server but allow users to view and manipulate the messages as though they were stored locally on their own computers
:star: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - SMTP
- sending e-mail messages between servers
- the internet uses STMP to send messages from one server to another; this is necessary if the sender and recipient have different e-mail servers
The concept of layers
- the TCP/IP model consists of four layers
- each layer is responsible for a small part of the communication process
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- reduces the complexity of the problem into manageable sub-problems
- devices can be manufactured to operate at a particular layer
- products from different vendors will work together
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:star: SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers
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