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circulatory/cardiovascular system (disorders in the cardiovascular system,…
circulatory/cardiovascular system
transport and supply
heart; organ pumps blood through system
size of your fist , slightly left center of chest
has three layers
visceral pericardium ;epicardium
middle layer; myocardium
inside of the heart; endocardium
four chambers of the heart
rt atrium
rt ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
pulmonary veins and arteries valves
rt coronary artery
provides blood for right ventricle, posterior portion of inter-ventricle, inferior portion of heart
left coronary artery
provides blood to left lateral anterior wall of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, inter-ventricle septum
movement in the heart
oxygenated blood leaving heart diverted from aorta by right and left coronary arteries
arteries continuously divide into smaller branches
forming anastomoses
blood ; connective tissue, fluid compnent calls plasma and cells
blood vessels; passageway to transport blood to body cells
rt ventricle
pumps blood from lungs back to heart
left ventricle
pumps blood all through out body to the right atrium
disorders in the cardiovascular system
cor pulmonale
right side heart failure, right side cant pump efficiently
develops; heart muscle chronically working too hard, polycythemia
left side pumps well because right side cannot, blood backs up in systemic veins
causes; enlarged liver, swollen ankles, distended neck veins
CHF; heart failure
usually left side heart problem but can be right
heart cant move blood well, pumping system cant overcome increased pressure
left side cant pump blood
causes; back flow of blood, increased pressure in veins causing fluid to leak into tissue
heart failure
damage to heart muscle due to heart attack or complications
rt side; blood backs up to systemic
left side; blood backs up to lungs fluid leaks out to tissues
Tx; agents increase rate and force heart contractions, diuretics
mycocardial infarction
inadequate or absence of blood to the heart muscles
ischemia; not enough oxygenated blood
infarct; tissue damage and death by completely blocked blood circulation
arteriosclerosis
thickening of inner walls of arteries
Tx; avoid smoking, life style changes
artherosclerosis
fatty deposit called plaque, builds on inner lining of blood vessel
Tx; life style change, medication, anti-platelet, anticoagulant
electrical pathway
cardiovascular system, auto-rhythmic, can contract without impulse or hormones
nodal cells
pacemaker, specialized cell that creates electrical impulse
sinoatrial
located in the wall of rt atrium entrance of superior vena cava
generates electrical pulse at 70-80 BPM
atrioventricular
located where atria and ventricles meet
generates electrical impulse at 40-60 BPM
heart rate speeds
increase; sympathetic division
slow; parasympathetic system
excretion of specific neurotransmitters
charge goes from bundle of his down to the purkinje cell
arrhythmia or dysrhythmia, heart rate with abnormal rhythm
flutter; coordinated but abnormal contraction
fibrillation; rapid uncoordinated heart beat
heart block; electrical signal delayed
blood composition/ function
transport, regulation, protection
transportation; oxygen, nutrients fat cells, hormones
regulation maintains homeostasis
protection; invasion of foreign bodies, infection
plasma, formed elements
plasma; yellowish liquid
formed elements; RBC WBC platelets
blood
A,B,AB,O RH factor
A has no A antibodies but does have B antibodies
B; has no B antibodies but does have A
AB has both A and B antigens making it universal recipient
O universal donor has no antigen cannot clot if mixed with other blood
RH factor determines positive of negative blood type