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Postwar Uncertainty (A New Revolution in Science (Setting the Stage…

- - - - Enlightenment was shattered by WW2.
        
        During postwar, people began to question beliefs and looked to science for answers.
        
        Change
      - People began to adopt new values, and women demanded more rights.
        
        Change
  - - - In 1905, he said that the speed of light is constant, while other things like space and time are not.
        
        His ideas helped him develop the Theory of Relativity.
        
        Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
      - His ideas helped influence other people's thinking.
        
        His ideas led to people thinking relativity.
        
        Change
        
        Why were Einstein’s ideas upsetting to many people?
        
        It caused uncertainty and relativity to many.
  - - - He came up with the theory that human behavior is irrational.
        
        He thought that the unconscious contained many drives.
      - His ideas effected how people thought.
        
        It weakened faith in reason among many and became widespread.
        
        Change
        
        In what way were Freud’s ideas as revolutionary as Einstein’s?
        
        The unknown and people's uncertainty began to be answered. People started to believe in science more than faith.
      - Cooperation
      - Sigmund Freud
- - - - Many people also feared future and expressed doubts about traditional religious beliefs
        
        Some writers expressed their anxieties by creating disturbing visions of the present and future
        
        1922 T.S. Eliot, an American poet living in England, wrote that western society had lost its spiritual values.
        
        Why did writers’ visions of the present and future change?
        
        People started to doubt their religious beliefs and didn't know what to think anymore.
        
        Culture
        
        Change
  - - - Franz Klafka
        
        He wrote eerie novels such as The Trial and The Castle
        
        His books feature people caught in threatening situations and they cant understand or escape
      - James Joyce and the Ulysses
        
        This book is about a single day in the lives of three people in Dublin, Ireland.
        
        Ulysses
  - - - In search for meaning of a uncertain world, some thinkers turned to the philosophy known as existentialism
        
        A leader of this movement was the philosopher Jean Paul Sarte
        
        These people think that there is no true meaning to life each person creates their own meaning in life through choices
        
        Values and beliefs
    - - The existentialists were influenced by this German Philosopher
        
        In 1880's he wrote that western ideas such as reason, democracy and progress has changes peoples creativity and actions
        
        His ideas attracted growing attention in the 20th century and had a great impact on politics in Italy and Germany
        
        How might have Nietzsche’s ideas have influenced politicians?
        
        They could of thought what he was saying was true and they could of thought what he did
        
        Fred
- - - - The war had allowed women to take on new roles.
        
        Change
    - - They wore makeup, drove cars and drank and smoked in public.
        
        As women sought new careers, the number of women in medicine, education, journalism, and other professions increased.
        
        Culture
        
        How did the changes in women's clothing reflect there changing role?
        
        They were being more independent, showing they didn't need a man so they were wearing more reviling and riskier clothes in that time to rebel with others. People were not used to seeing women like this so when it would occur it would be this huge thing that people would look down on.
      - What goals were women seeking in the 1920's?
        
        They were trying to prove that women are just as capable to do a job or occupation as men were.
      - Values & Beliefs
      - The Roaring Twenties
- - - - They wanted to draw the inner world of emotion and imagination
        
        Painters like Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky used bold colors and distorted forms.
        
        Change
    - - Georges Braque of France and Pablo Picasso of Spain founded Cubism.
      - This was a different way of painting.
        
        Objects were broken down into different parts with sharp angles.
        
        It transformed natural shapes into geometric forms.
        
        Cubism
    - - This was an art movement that linked the world of dreams with real life.
        
        Surreal means "beyond or above reality"
        
        Many of the paintings have an eerie, dreamlike quality in unrealistic ways.
      - How was surrealism connected with Freud’s ideas?
        
        Surrealism was inspired by Fraud's ideas.
  - - - Russian composer Igor Stravinsky used irregular rhythms and combinations of sound.
        
        Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg didn't use traditional harmonies and musical scales.
        
        Igor Stravinksy
      - What aspects of earlier music did new composers rebel against?
        
        They wanted to move away from traditional styles and use new sounds.
      - Change
    - - Jazz was a new musical style in the United States.
        
        It was developed by musicians in New Orleans, Memphis, and Chicago.
        
        It seemed to capture the new freedom of the age.
        
        Culture
      - About Jazz
- - - - Cars were more sleek looking and middle class citizens could afford cars.
        
        The History of the Car
        
        Airplanes were also efficient and used more post war, leading into WW2. 1927 American pilot, Charles Lindbergh captured world attention when he flew a 33 hour solo flight from New York to Paris.
        
        During WWI, scientists developed new drugs and medical treatments that helped millions of people in the postwar years.
        
        Change
        
        Which technological advance do you think had the greatest effect on society?
        
        The radio played a huge roll in downtime entertainment and big post war news.
    - - Radio and entertainment such as Charlie Chaplin dominate entertainment. 1920 first radio station KDKA in Pittsburg PA, began broadcasting. Radios took off and eventually almost every home had one.
        
        Charlie Chaplin
        
        Change
        
        Motion pictures were also a big boom in entertainment uprising, In Los Angeles, 90% of movies made were entertainment.
        
        Many actors or entertainers like English born Charlie Chaplin started the film and motion picture business, from goofy costumes an oversized shoes it led viewers to a sense of comedy and relaxation.
      - How might World War I have spurred developments in the radio?
        
        The need for effective communication was important during World War 1 so it sparked the developments in the radio.