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Postwar Uncertainty (Literature in the 1920s (The loses of World War I…

- - - - Some writers expressed there feelings by creating scary images.
        
        An American poet wrote that Western society had lost spiritual value. The post war was like a "wasteland", drained of hope and faith.
        
        Patterns
  - - - Most writers were never the same after the war. They often thought only about war which concluded in a lot of books about war.
        
        James Joice wrote a book about three different lives and tried to understand the workings of the human mind.
        
        Writers
        
        Why did writers’ visions of the present and future change?
        
        They were disillusioned by war
      - Change
  - - - The Main leader of this group was Jean Paul Sartre of France. This group believed that there is no meaning in life.
        
        Each person makes their own meaning of life through their choices and actions. These people were influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche.
        
        Nietzsche urged people to take pride in ancient heroic value. He had a great impact on politics in Italy and Germany.
        
        How might have Nietzsche’s ideas have influenced politicians?
        
        They would not live there lives the way someone is telling them to.
        
        Thinkers
- - - - Consequence
    - - I think cars by far had the most impactful affect on society. They allowed people to travel for fun. It also allowed people to move outside of the large cities and into smaller towns.
  - - - In the 20s KDKA, the world's first commercial radio station, began broadcasting across the U.S. Radios became very popular and most major cities had stations to broadcast news, plays, and sports.
      - How might World War I have spurred developments in the radio?
        
        WWI sparked the new developments in radio as during the war, radios were not very useful, but the idea behind them was. Radios had to be developed in order for soldiers to communicate with one another.
      - Early Radio History
    - - Motion picture, or movies, also became popular in the 20s. Many places around the world were now seeing movies as a form of entertainment.
      - Charlie Chaplin became the king of the silent film industry. He was well known for his portrayal of the lonely little tramp who would use humor to get out of rough situations.
      - Change
- - - - He had new ideas about space, time, energy, and matter
        
        He developed the theory of relativity, with the thought that time and space are not constant and change
        
        He changed how people viewed the world and changed the idea of science
        
        Why were Einstein’s ideas upsetting to many people?
        
        Answer - Because of these new ideas people now had uncertainty about things. Isaac Newton ideas before this thought that the operating according to absolute laws of motion and gravity, but it was learned that that was not the case.
      - Albert Einstein Biography
    - - Focused on patients with psychological problems
        
        He believed that the majority of what humans do is unconscious to the mind and we have no way of controlling it
        
        His ideas weakened people's faith in heir own reasoning for doing tings
        
        In what way were Freud’s ideas as revolutionary as Einstein’s?
        
        Answer - Although they were different areas of study Freud's research was as revolutionary as Einstein's ideas because it lead people to question what they thought was fact. They were forced to look at new possibilities.
      - Sigmund Freud Biography
- - - - Wore shorter and looser clothes
      - Cut their hair shorter
      - Wore makeup, drove cars, smoke/drank in public
      - How did the changes in women's clothes reflect their changing roles?
        
        They reflected their changing roles because they showed that they have power, and that they can choose what to do just like men can
    - - Numbers of women in the following fields increased: medicine, education, journalism
      - More about their jobs
    - - They wanted more freedom in their lives
- - - - Change
        
        Expressionist painters like Paul Klee and Wassily Kandisky used bold colors and distorted or exaggerated forms.
        
        Inspired by traditional African art Georges Fraque of France and
        Pablo Picasso of Spain founded Cubism in 1907.
        
        Cubinism transformed natural shapes into geometric forms. objects were broken down into different parts with sharp angles and edges. Often several views were depicted at the same time.
        
        Surrealism an art movement that sought to link the world of dreams with real life was inspired by freuds ideas. The term surreal means beyond or above reality.
        
        Surrealists tried to call on the unconscious part of their minds. many of their paintings have an eerie dreamlike quality and depict objects in unrealistic ways.
        
        Composers try new styles in both classical and popular music composers moved away from traditional styles. In his ballet masterpiece the rite of spring the russian composer used irregular rhythms. and harsh combinations of sound.
        
        The Austrian composer Arnold Schoebeg rejected traditional harmonies and musical scales.
        
        A new popular style called jazz emerged in the united states. It was developed by musicians mainly African Americans in new Orleans, Memphis, and Chicago.
        
        It swept the United States and Europe. The lively loose beat of jazz seemed to capture the new freedom of the age.
        
        How was surrealism connected with freuds ideas? Surrealism was an art movement that liked the world of dreams with real life inspired by freud. the term surreal means beyond or above reality because it called on the unconscious mind like freuds idea.
        
        What aspects of new music did composers rebel against? They moved to get away from traditional styles like classical and popular music composers started to use irregular rhythms and harsh combinations of sound.
        
        Sigmund Freud Psychology
        
        Sigmund Freud Biography