Conclusion With good effective placemaking processes in place, places can benefit from the hazard (Iceland), or, with poor governance and poverty, placemaking processes are not effective and the place can take years to recover, if at all (Haiti). ACs tend to have better governance, and placemaking is faster and more effective (japan) although cultural veliefs can override the effectivelness of the placemaking processes (Japan - lack of willingness to accept aid) Merapi - spitiual place