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Internet overview (Internet protocol stack (Application, Transport,…
Internet overview
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Different links can transmit
data at different rates, with the transmission rate of a link measured in bits/second
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A packet switch takes a packet arriving on one of its incoming communication
links and forwards that packet on one of its outgoing communication links
Routers (used in network core) and link-layer switches ( used in access networks). Both types of switches forward packets toward their ultimate destinations
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End systems access the Internet through Internet Service Providers (ISPs),
including residential ISPs
End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet run protocols
that control the sending and receiving of information within the Internet
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Internet standards are developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).The IETF standards documents are called requests for comments (RFCs)
An infrastructure that provides services to applications. The applications are said to be distributed applications, since they involve multiple end systems that exchange data with each other
End systems attached to the Internet provide an Application Programming Interface (API) that specifies how a program running on one end system asks the Internet infrastructure to deliver data to a specific destination program running on another end system
A protocol defines the format and the order of messages exchanged between two or more communicating entities, as well as the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message or other event.
An access network physically connects an end system to the first router on a path from the end system to any other distant end system
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Store-and-forward transmission means that the packet switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link
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