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ENZYMES (What is an enzyme? (A protein, Alters and speeds up chemical…
ENZYMES
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Are affected by PH
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Some work best in acidic conditions, eg. pepsin in the stomach whereas others work best in alkaline conditions eg. pancreatic amylase
Extreme PH can denature the enzyme, whereby it loses its active site and the enzyme an no longer fit into the active site
A Biological catalyst
Catalyst:
- it is a substance that alters or speeds up a chemical reaction without being chemically changed at the end of the reaction
what does it catalyse?
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Eg. Digestive enzymes:
- Amylase: digests starch to maltose
- Maltase: digests maltose into glucose
- Protease: digests proteins into amino acids
- Lipase: digests fats to fatty acids and glycerol
Builds up complex substances:
- Anabolic reaction
- eg. building proteins from amino acids
- building glycogen from glucose
Break down complex substances:
- catabolic reaction
- eg. breakdown of glucose during respiration
- breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
Classification
Enzymes are classified according to the chemical reactions they catalyse: Hydrolases: hydrolytic reactions
Eg. - protease digests protein