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German Assesment 3 (Nazi police state (The Gestapo (Secret police (Could…

- - - - Could arrest/imprison anyone suspected
        
        People who disliked the Nazis
      - By 1934, they arrested 160,000 suspected political opponents
    - - To seem more frightenings
    - - Block Wardens
  - - - Wore black uniforms
        
        Expected to be role models of the Aryan race
      - 1925-1934= Bodyguards to Hitler
        
        From 1934 onward, they removed all opposition to the Nazis
        
        They could arrest anyone they suspected even if you weren't opposing the Nazi government
      - 1939-250,000 members.
        
        They were everywhere
      - Unmerciful and dedicated to the Nazis Could never be bribed
  - - - Discovers potential enemies of the Nazis
        
        Could lead to being arrested by Gestapo. Wouldn't necessarily be put on trial.
        
        Suspected by the SD= Put in a concentration camp
        
        Might be tortured to give more information
  - - - Prisons for opponents of the Nazi Government or people who disliked the Nazis
        
        People who tried to escape often died as it was impossible to get out.
        
        If you were weak, you died
        
        Families were sent a short note to say they had died.
        
        Managed, run and operated by the SS 'Death's Head' units. They were ruthless and brutal
      - Set up in 1933
      - Between 133-1945, over 32,000 were killed while being kept prisoner in Dachau
- - - - Liked Jazz music
      - People wanted to mix with the opposite sex
      - Hated the military part
    - - Lots of followers
      - Opposed Nazis by:
        
        Wore Makeup
        
        Opposite sex hung out together
        
        Boys had long hair
        
        Listened to swing music
      - Middle Class
    - - Disorganised and not popular but would beat up Hitler Youth and places Hitler Youth members couldn't enter.
      - Opposed Nazis by:
        
        Wore check or black shorts, dark short trousers and white socks
        
        Listened to swing music
      - Lower class
  - - - Pope Pius XI (Catholic, used to hep Nazis) made a speech called an encyclical called 'With Burning Anxiety' which criticised Hitler. Catholics became less loyal to Hitler
      - When the Nazis were about to take the crucifix down, the Catholics campaigned and stopped the Nazis from taking down the crucifix. Showed that they wouldn't be bullied by the Nazis-1938
      - Bishop Galen, by speaking to others, caused the public to oppose the euthanasia programme. In 1941, the euthanasia programme was stopped
      - The Protestant Church organised resistance to the 'Nazification' of the church which created the Confessional church where people heard anti-Nazi messages on Sundays,
    - - Nazi arrests of priests and pastors meant people were too scared to speak out against the Nazis such as Pastor Martin Niemoller (One of the leading members of the anti-Nazi confessional church) in 1937.
      - The pope agreed to disband the Catholic centre party by signing the concordat so the Catholic church found it very difficult to have any political impact in Nazi Germany.
      - Dietrich Bonhoeffer spoke and against the Nazis and was arrested and murdered by the Gestapo in 1945. Others were sent to Dachau after 1933. Priests coukd not pose any threats now.
  - - - Some german top military leaders became worried about Hitler during the crisis over Sudetenland in 1938
      - They plotted to remove Hitler from power if Germany went to war over Czechoslovakia.
    - - Due to the oath of allegiance, the opposition from the army was very limited.
      - When military leaders expressed their doubts to Hitler, they were dismissed.
        
        Blomberg-Fritsch Affair-1938- 2 military leaders were forced to resign after opposing Hitler's military plans
  - - - 35-45% of voters supported the socialists (SPD) and the communists (KPD) in the 1930 and 1933. They must have been opponents of the Nazi regime.
      - There were over 300,000 political prisoners by 1939; People were prepared to stand up to the Nazis.
        
        'Underground resistance movements' like Neu Beginnen (Former SDP members) and Germania were formed to oppose the Nazis.
      - 1.25 million communist leaflets were found by the Gestapo in 1934 and in 1935, the Red flag communist newspaper was still available.
    - - 1933-Socialist party was attacked and the leader was forced to run away in.