Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

top 5- homeostasis and response (the eye (the iris reflex (very bright…

- - - - cerebral cortex= responsible for consciousness, memory, language
      - medulla= controls unconscious activities e.g. breathing, heart rate
      - cerebellum= responsible for muscle coordination
- - - - unable to focus on near objects
      - lens is wrong shape and doesn't refract light enough or eyeball too short
      - the images of near objects are bought to focus behind retina
      - glasses with convex lens to correct, refracts light on to retina
    - - unable to focus on distant objects
      - lens is wrong shape and refracts too much light or eyeball is too long
      - the images for distant objects bought to focus in front of retina
      - glasses with concave lens to correct, focuses light on retina
  - - - thin lenses that sit on surface of eye and are shaped to compensate for fault in focusing
      - lightweight and almost invisible
      - more convenient than glasses e.g. for sport
      - hard lenses and soft lenses
      - soft lenses are more comfortable but carry a higher risk of infection
    - - laser is used to vaporize tissue, changing shape of cornea
      - slimming it down improves short site
      - making it more powerful will improve long site
      - risk of infection
    - - natural lens of eye is removed and an artificial lens(made of clear plastic) is inserted in place
      - higher risks because it involves work inside eye
      - possible damage to retina in process
- - - - sweat is produced by sweat glands and evaporates from skin
      - blood vessels supplying to skin dilate so more blood flows close to surface of skin (VASODILATION) -helps transfer energy to environment
    - - hairs stand up to trap an insulating layer of air
      - no sweat is produced
      - blood vessels supplying skin capillaries constrict to close off the skins blood supply (VASOCONSTRICTION)
      - shivering, needs respiration transfers some energy to warm of body
- - - - pancreas produces little or no insulin
      - this means person's blood glucose level could rise to a level which might kill them
      - need insulin therapy- several injects of insulin a day so that glucose is removed from blood as soon as food is digested
      - amount of insulin needed depends on activity and diet
      - need to think about limiting diet on carb rich food and more exercise
    - - where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin
      - can cause blood sugar levels to rise to dangerous level
      - being overweight can increase risk
      - have carb controlled diet and exercise is needed
- - - - urea
        
        proteins cant be stored by body so any excess amino acids are converted into fats and carbohydrates which can be stored. involves deamination
        
        ammonia is a waste product of deamination
        
        ammonia is toxic so is converted to urea in liver, urea is transported to kidneys when it is filtered out of blood and excreted as urine
      - ions
        
        ions such as sodium are in food and are absorbed into blood
        
        if ion or water content is wrong, this could effect balance between ions and water- leads too much or little osmosis which can damage cells
        
        some ions are lost in sweat (not regulated) balance of ions regulated by kidneys which reabsorb correct amount of ions in filtration
      - water
        
        body has to constantly balance the water coming in and out
        
        lost through sweat and via breathing by lungs
        
        cant be regulated in those ways so amount of water is balanced by how much we consume and amount removed by kidneys in urine
- - - - more auxin accumulates on side that is in shade
      - this makes cells grow faster on shaded side so bends towards light
    - - a root growing sideways will have more auxin on lower side