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Human Growth and Development (Early childhood Physical (average weight 45…
Human Growth and Development
begins at birth and ends at death
Development
process of becoming fully grown
Growth
Life Stages
Infancy
birth to 1 year
Early Childhood
1-6 years
Late Childhood
6-12 years
Adolescence
12-20 years
Early Adulthood
20-40 years
Middle Adulthood
40-65 years
Late Adulthood
65 years or older
Main types of Development
Physical Development
refers to body growth and includes height and weight changes, muscle and nerve development and changes in body organs
Mental or Cognitive Development
refers to intellectual development and includes learning how to solve problems, make judgments and deal with situations
Emotional Development
refers to feelings and includes dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, excitement, and other feelings
Social
refers to interactions and relationships with other people
Erik Erickson
identified 8 stages of psychological development
if an individual is not able to resolve conflict at the appropriate stage, the individual will struggle with the same conflict later in life
Infancy Physical
most rapid changes occur during first year of life
Newborn usually weighs 6-8 Lbs and measures 18-22 inches long
end of first year weight usually triples and height is 29-30 inches
2-4 months
able to lift head, roll side to side, support on arms when prone, grasp or reach objects
4-6 months
turn body completely around, accept objects handed to them, grasp objects
8-10 months
crawl, pull themselves to sitting or standing position, use good hand to mouth coordination
12 months
walk without help, grasp objects with thumb and fingers, throw small objects, usually have 10-12 teeth
Infancy Mental
respond to discomforts like pain, cold or hunger by crying
2-4 months
cooing or babble when spoken to, laugh out loud and squeal with pleasure
6 months
understand some words and can make sounds such as mama and dada
12 months
understand many words and use single words in their vocab
Infancy Emotional
4-6 months
distress, delight, anger, disgust and fear
12 months
elation and affection for adults is evident
Infancy Social
4 months
infants recognize their caregivers, smile readily and stare at others
6 months
watch activities of others show signs of possessiveness, may become shy or withdraw in presence of strangers
12 months
may still be shy around strangers but socialize freely with familiar people, mimic sound and gestures, facial expressions and vocal sounds
Early childhood Physical
average weight 45 Lbs
Average height 46 inches
skeletal/ muscle development
legs and lower body develop quicker
muscle coordination- run climb and move
learns to write, draw and use a fork and knife
2-3 years most teeth in
2-4 years bowel/ bladder control
Early Childhood Mental
vocab 1500-2500 words by 6
2 years short attention span but likes lots of activities
recognize letters and some words
make decisions based on logic rather on trial or error
by 6 make decisions based n both past and present experiences
Early Childhood Emotional
advances rapidly
1-2 develop self-awareness and effect on other people
defy limits that are set around 2
gain self confidence and want to learn
feel impatient, anger and tantrums
4-6 gain more control over emotions
understand concept of right and wrong
Early Childhood Social
self centered 1 year old to social 6 year old
fear separation from parents
gradually put self aside and begin to take interest in others
Late childhood Physical
weight gain 4-7 Lbs
height increases 2-3 inches per year
children engaging in more motor sensory physical activity
primary teeth lost and permanent teeth
visual activity at best
10-12 secondary sexual characteristics begin
Late Childhood Mental
speech skills more complex
reading and writing skills developed
use info to solve problems
memory more complex
Late Childhood Emotional
usually under more control and dealt with in effective manner
10-12 sexual maturation and changes in body can lead to depression along with periods of joy
can leave children restless, anxious and hard to understand
Late Childhood Social
7 year old like tgo do things by themselves not in a group
8-10 year old tend to be more group oriented and form same sex groups
Adolescence Physical
sudden growth spurt can cause weight gain and height as well
girls 11-13 boys 13-15
muscle coordination slows down
puberty
development of secondary sexual characteristics
Adolescence Mental
increase in knowledge and sharpening of skills
Adolescence Emotional
stormy and in conflict
feel inadequate and insecure
worry about appearance, their abilities relationship with others
Adolescence Social
spending less time with family and more with peers
seek security in groups of people own age with similar problems
more mature/ adult behavior
Needs of adolescence
reassurance, support and understanding
Anorexia Nervosa
psychological disorder person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat
Bulimia
psychological disorder in which binging and fasts or refuses to eat
Bulimarexia
when person induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that had been eaten
more common in females
Chemical Abuse
use of substances such as alcohol or drugs and the development of a physical or mental dependence on chemical
Early Adulthood Physical Development
prime child bearing time
Complete
Early Adulthood Mental Development
pursue additional education for career
independence, makes career choices, establish life styles
Early Adulthood Emotional Development
many emotional stresses related to career, family and marriage