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Experiments (Keywords (Independent variable: variable being manipulated,…
Experiments
Keywords
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Research aim: states what the researcher intends to find out. It is phrased as a statement starting with ‘To investigate’
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Control group: group that does not receive treatment/manipulation from the researcher as a benchmark to measure the other test subjects by comparison
Experimental design: decision about whether to have one group of participants do both condition or have more than one group of participants do only one condition
Types of experiments
Laboratory: IV is manipulated in a highly controlled environment specially designed for the experiment
Strengths: high control over extraneous variables, accurate measure of data, easy to replicate so has high internal vailidiry and high interval reliability
Weaknesses: Participants are aware they are being studied so may show demand characteristics, decreasing internal validity and has low ecological validity/is less generalisable
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Quasi: IV is not manipulated, it is naturally occurring
Strengths: High ecological validity , is more generalisable and participants are less likely to show demand characteristics, increasing internal validity
Weaknesses: less scientific due to no manipulation, difficult to establish control over extraneous variables, decreasing internal validity , and it may be difficult to find participants
Experimental designs
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Matched participants design: participants are matched on a relevant participant variables. One member of each pair is allocated to each independent variable
Strengths: no order effects, less demand characteristics and participant variables remain constant, increasing internal validity
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Extraneous variables
Participant variables: characteristics of the participant that may affect the results. (Can be controlled for using a larger sample, repeated or matched participants design, or random allocation to conditions)
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