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Unit 5: Party Music (Chapter 56: American Intersections: Jazz and Blues…
Unit 5: Party Music
Chapter 56: American Intersections: Jazz and Blues Traditions
roots of jazz lie in African traditions, western popular and art music and African American ceremonial and work songs
blues: genre based on three line stanzas set to a repeating harmonic patter
1930s saw advent of swing era and jazz of Duke Ellington
Louis Armstrong associated with new orleans style jazz
blues traditionally associated with US
famous blues artists include Charlie Patton: Bessie Smith and BB King
Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
new orleans jazz scene
trumpet player, band leader, singer and actor
Billie Holiday (1915-1959)
born in Philadelphia PA
moved to NYC and was discovered by a talent scout in 1933
Strange Fruit
haunting and melancholy
later life full of addiction and abusive relationships
no formal training
Duke Ellington
major figure in Harlem Renaissance
composer and arranger
played in jazz clubs in 1920s
Listening Guide 42: Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag
published in 1899
features a syncopated melody with steady accompaniment
four sections A A B B C C D D
sold a million copies
Joplin insisted on royalties
probably best known rag ever composed
Joplin's sophisticated piano rags like this one brought him worldwide recognition
Chapter 37: Marketing Music: Foster and Early "Popular" Song
19th cent. songwriters in US combined elements of European art song and opera with other traditions to create commercially successful popular music
songs often popularized thru minstrel shows
which were racially charged theatrical variety shows
minstrel & parlor songs from Stephen Foster were very successful during his lifetime & today
European immigrants brought operas, chamber music, symphonies and began to develop lighter music
Stephen Foster (1826-1864)
professional songwriter
from Pittsburg, PA
songs from minstrel shows published as ballads and love songs
sympathetic to abolitionist cause
popular signifies belonging to the people
Chapter 51: A Good Beat: American Vernacular Music at the Close of an Era
John Philip Sousa create the American wind band tradition, an outgrowth of the british military band
Ragtime was an african american piano style characterized by syncopated rhythms and sectional forms
made famous by Scott Joplin
piano roll was early form of musical playback technology
John Philip Sousa (1854-1932)
born in Washington, DC
wrote over 130 marches for band
conducted US Marine band
toured extensively, recordings mass marketed
ragtime is a vital precursor of jazz
Scott Joplin (1868-1917)
born in Texas
the king of ragtime
left home at fourteen to play in piano bars
eventually moved to NY where he was a teacher, performer and composer
his family was musical
Listening Guide 47: Billie's Blues
1936
12 bar blues
short intro with 6 choruses
mix of jazz and blues and dance
intersection between jazz and blues
intersection between jazz and dance
Listening Guide 48: Take the A Train
swing style
composed by Billy Strayhorn
32 bar song form A A B A
lush, composed out jazz style with some small elements of improvization
includes syncopation, riffs, bent notes
glissandos, shakes, call and response
Listening Guide 28: Foster's "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"
parlor song written in 1853-1854 era after separation from his wife
bittersweet tone (wishing for days gone by), using both voice and piano music
can be seen from Foster;s point of view but he wasnt a singer, imagined people using their own interpretation of the song
homophonic
major key