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URBANISATION (Push Factors: (Mechanisation of agricultural equipment -…
URBANISATION
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HICs are more economically developed, e.g. UK, Japan and Germany.
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Urbanisation happened earlier in HICs than in LICs and NEEs, e.g. during the Industrial Revolution, and most of the population now already live in urban areas
HICs have very slow rates of urban growth, and many people desiring a better quality of life are moving away from overcrowded cities and rural areas.
Good transport and communication networks mean that people in HICs can live in rural areas and commute to cities, or work from home
LICs are less economically developed, e.g. Ethiopia, Nepal and Afghanistan
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In general, the fastest rates of urbanisation in the world are in LICs
NEEs are those where economic development is increasing rapidly, e.g. Brazil, China, Russia, India
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Some NEEs such as Thailand, Nigeria and China are experiencing rapid urban growth
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Push Factors:
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Desertification can make land unproductive, so people can no longer support themselves
Natural disasters, e.g. floods and earthquakes, can damage property and farmland, which people can't afford to repair
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Natural increase:
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i.e. more people are being born than are dying, so the population grows
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Young people then have children in the cities, which increases the proportion of the population living in urban areas
Better healthcare in urban areas means people live longer, again increasing the proportion of people in urban areas
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A megacity is an urban area with over 10 million people living there, e.g. Mumbai to India
There are now 34 megacities - more than two thirds are in LICs and NEEs, and more new megacities are expected to emerge in Asia and Africa and 2030