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Infection (Types (Focal
-When the infectious agent breaks loose from a…
Infection
Types
Focal
-When the infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection & is carried into other tissues
-In non-pregnancy toxemia, the infection stays at the portal of entry, but the toxins produced are carried by the blood to the actual target tissue
-Ex. Tuberculosis, Streptococcal pharyngitis
Systemic
-An infection in which the pathogen spreads through circulation to many sites
-Viral Ex. Measles, rubella, chickenpox, AIDS
-Bacterial Ex. Brucellosis, anthrax, typhoid fever, syphilis
-Fungal Ex. Histoplasmosis & cryptococcosis
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Mixed
-An infection in which the same site is infected w/ several microbes simultaneously
-The microbes cooperate in tissue breakdown
-One microbe can create an environment that enables the other microbe to invade
-Ex. Gas gangrene, wound infections, dental carries, human bite infections
Asymptomatic
-AKA "Sublcinical" or "Inapparent"
-Patient experiences no symptoms/disease & does not seek medical attention
Signs & Symptoms
Inflammation -Response includes cells & chemicals responding non-specifically to disruptions in tissue-Signs include:
- Edema
- Granulomas
- Abcesses
- Lymphadentitis
-Also:
- Pain
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Loss of function
Blood
-Includes changes in number of circulating WBCs
-Leukocytosis = Increase in WBCs
-Leukopenia = Decrease in WBCs
-Septicemia = Blood infection; general state in which microbes are multiplying in the blood & are present in large numbers
Bacteremia = Bacteria in the blood
Viremia = Viruses in the blood
Definitions
-Sign = Objective evidence; more precise
-Symptom = Subjective evidence
-Syndrome = When a certain disease can be identified/defined by a certain complex of signs & symptoms
Lesions
-General term for any damaged/dysfunctional body area
-Form at the point of microbial entry, at its exit, or when it induces an inflammatory reaction
Vesicle A small blister that contains clear, yellowish fluid
Bulla A large, fluid-filled blister
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Pustule A lesion filled w/ pus (A mix of WBCs, tissue debris & bacteria)
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Macule A small, flat-coloured skin lesion; may be red, tan or white
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Classifications
Duration
Acute Infections that occur rapidly w/ severe, but short-lived effects
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Sequence
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Secondary When the initial infection is complicated by another infection caused by a different microbe