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Chapter 1 Biology Notes (Cell organelles (Nucleus (Nucleolus (Produces…
Chapter 1 Biology Notes
Cells Basics
Eukaryotes
DNA in closed nucleus
Membrane-bound cell organelles
Large...typically in range 10-100 um
Multi-cellular or unicellular
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
No nucleus
Small...typically 1-2 um diameter
Single loop of DNA
Only has ribosomes and plasma membrane
Semi-permeable membrane
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Have a hydropillic head
Have a hydrophobic tail
Contains proteins and cell organelles
Only small molecules can cross the membrane
Functions of the plasma membrane
An active and selective boundary
Only allows certain substances into the cell
Denotes cell's identity
The glycoproteins
have signalers that tell other cells what it is
Receives external signals
Signals, like hormones, change the cell to function differently
Transports materials
Help larger molecules enter the cell
Cell organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Membranous network that helps with transport
Rough ER
Covered in ribosomes and transports proteins
Mitochondria
Produces energy and is the site of cellular respiration
Smooth ER
Transports lipids and hormones
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Produces rRNA
The "control center" of the cell Is under-control by DNA
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthases
Golgi
Stores and transports proteins and hormones
Peroxisomes
The breakdown site of a cell
Semi-permeable membrane
Glycoproteins (the signaler of the cell)
Peripheral proteins (anchored into the bilayer)
Integral proteins (proteins embedded into the bilayer)