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Earth quake (Cause (When the plates converge, diverge or slide past each…

- - - - However, people may tend to be complacent and may not see the importance of earthquake education, especially if a major earthquake has not occurred in the area for a long time.
      - However, emergency drills are often based on the most serious earthquake ever recorded in the area in the past. Emergency procedures may be inadequate to prevent the devastation of the areas affected by earthquakes.
  - - - However, an earthquake or tsunami usually occurs seconds after the warning is sounded. Therefore, warnings may not provide sufficient time for evacuation.
      - However, the poor countries in the world may not have the financial resources to detain, install and use the earthquake and tsunami monitoring and warning systems.
- - - - Wide spreading of fire rising from fallen stoves, ruptured power and gas may leave many people injured.
      - Supply of water, gas and electricity are disrupted.
        Sewage pipes burst, electric transmission lines snap and telephone connection cables are damaged.
    - - Jobs may be lost as a result of an earthquake, tourist destinations may suffer a drastic drop in the number of visitors and as a result, the economy of the country will decline.
  - - - Mud flows may occur when there is heavy rainfall, which saturates the soil, causing the mixed soil debris to flow down the slope, burying people and houses.
      - Landslides triggered, especially on the hilling and mountainous area, that may bury people and infrastructure such as roads
    - - Seismic sea waves called tsunamis cause massive destruction in the area affected, entire town can be destroyed by the towering tsunamis.
  - - - Many are made homeless and suffer from a shortage of food , clothing and medicine while staying at temporary shelters.
    - - Buildings topple, bridges and flyovers collapse, resulting in many deaths.
      - Huge cracks may occur on the ground, roads are buckled and railway lines are destroyed, rescue work is greatly hampered.
    - - Diseases are rampant because of contaminated water and decomposed bodies.
      - Survivors of the earthquake have to learn to live with the loss of their families and friends. It takes a lot of time to recover from the trauma.
      - collapsed buildings result in many death
- - - - Point: people trapped under collapsed buildings are quickly located and freed
      - Elaboration: Some survivors are found after being trapped for a couple of weeks without food.
      - Example: For example, after the earthquake in Tohoku, Japan, in 2011, sniffer dogs and heat sensors were deployed and successfully rescued many who were trapped.
      - Limitation: Rescue workers only have 72 hours, or three days, to find trapped survivors. Without food and water, trapped people are unlikely to survive more than three days.
    - - Point: The injured are treated and clean drinking water is provided to prevent dehydration and spreading of diseases.
      - Elaboration: The provision of immediate aid helps survivors continue with their lives.
      - Example: For example, after the earthquake in Afyon in 2002, the Turkish Red Crescent Society immediately responded by delivering 50,000 tents, 20,000 blankets and 3,000 heaters to the region.
        After the earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan, China in 2008 SaudiArabia helped by delivering 50 billion dollars and 10 billion worth of relief supplies.
      - Limitation: Medical supplies, food and water may not be sufficient and this may cause social unrest.
  - - - Point: Infrastructure and amenities are rebuilt and improved upon after disasters.
      - Elaboration: Authorities often develop stricter building codes to ensure infrastructure is restored at a higher safety level than before.
      - Example: For example, after the earthquake in Kobe, Japan, in 1995, Japan spent millions developing technology to build more earthquake resistant buildings.
      - Limitation: Reinforced buildings which are built to protect against earthquakes are not protected against tsunamis. Additional protection could be coastal protection structures such as breakwaters.
    - - Points: Health options such as long-term counselling are provided to heal the trauma caused by loss of loved ones, homes or jobs
      - Elaboration: Problems can be identified and addressed early.
      - Example: For example, after the earthquake in Cristchurch, New Zealand, in 2011, significant problems of anxiety and depression were identified amongst all age groups of the affected population. This resulted in a greater number of health workers deployed in the area.
      - Limitation: Improving health options, such as restoring the resilience of people after an earthquake, can be very challenging and counselling only have limited effects