Russians
Cossacks
Independent warriors
Loyal Tsar supporters
Russian government offered them land in exchange for service
Reformists
Peasants
Illiterate serfs
Leaderless and disorganised
Intelligentsia
Mainly educated people
Aristocracy; ruling class; land owners
Had to be kept ignorant to control them
Revolutionaries
Populists
'The Peoples' Will' murdered Tsar Alexander II
Thought revolution by the peasants was the only way to change their living and working conditions
82% of population
The middle and upper class saw the peasants as critical for revolution
Social Revolutionaries
Kadets
Bolsheviks
Mainly university students
Violent terrorists
Wanted to end the Tsarist rule
Mainly university students and intelligentsia
Organised and led by Lenin
Wanted to overthrow the Tsar and the government
Workers must push for more than minor reforms
Progressive landlords and smaller industrial entrepreneurs
Wanted a constitutional monarchy and the Tsar to have restricted powers
Wanted equality; civil rights; end of censorship; free education; greater democracy
Held social events and conferences
Intellectuals that wanted greater democracy
Upper-middle classes wanted more democracy
82% of the population and leaderless
Terrorists popular with the peasants
Intellectuals who wanted to use the peasants
Organised, professional revolutionaries
Industrialists
Educated and free-thinking middle class
Travelled and read western works
Concentrated in urban areas