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Russians (Cossacks (Independent warriors, Loyal Tsar supporters, Russian…
Russians
Cossacks
Independent warriors
Loyal Tsar supporters
Russian government offered them land in exchange for service
Reformists
Peasants
Illiterate serfs
Leaderless and disorganised
82% of population
82% of the population and leaderless
Intelligentsia
Mainly educated people
Aristocracy; ruling class; land owners
Had to be kept ignorant to control them
Upper-middle classes wanted more democracy
Kadets
Progressive landlords and smaller industrial entrepreneurs
Wanted a constitutional monarchy and the Tsar to have restricted powers
Wanted equality; civil rights; end of censorship; free education; greater democracy
Held social events and conferences
Intellectuals that wanted greater democracy
Revolutionaries
Populists
'The Peoples' Will' murdered Tsar Alexander II
Thought revolution by the peasants was the only way to change their living and working conditions
The middle and upper class saw the peasants as critical for revolution
Intellectuals who wanted to use the peasants
Social Revolutionaries
Mainly university students
Violent terrorists
Wanted to end the Tsarist rule
Terrorists popular with the peasants
Bolsheviks
Mainly university students and intelligentsia
Organised and led by Lenin
Wanted to overthrow the Tsar and the government
Workers must push for more than minor reforms
Organised, professional revolutionaries
Industrialists
Educated and free-thinking middle class
Travelled and read western works
Concentrated in urban areas