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Primary Growth of Stems (Magnoliophyta (angiosperms (basal angiosperms),…
Primary Growth of Stems
Primary plant body
shoot/root apical meristems
primary tissues
herbaceous part
herbs consist of only primary body
Secondary Plant Body
meristems other than apical
secondary tissues
wood/bark
constitutes the bark covered area
Magnoliophyta
angiosperms
basal angiosperms
flowering plants
largest division in kingdom
297,000 species
monocots
eudicot
basic types of plant cells
parenchyma
parenchyma tissue
composed of only parenchyma cells
all soft parts of plants
most common
chlorenchyma
involved in photosynthesis
glandular
secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage,resins,oils
transfer
short distance transport
through large plasma membranes
collenchyma
uneven thickness
due to plasticity
present in elongating root tips
just under epidermis or next to vascular bundles
requires more glucose
due to thickness at parts in cell wall
sclerenchyma
primary and secondary cell walls
elastic walls
returns to form once tension is gone
secondary wall is lignified
conducting
tracheids
vessel elements
mechanical
short sclerids
isodiametric
dead at maturity
long fibers
many types are dead
others used in storage
External organization of stems
nodes
area where leaf attaches
phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaves
alternate
one leaf a node
opposite
two leaves a node
whorled
three or more leaves a node
distichous
decussate
internodes
leaf axil
axillary bud
bud scales
Internal Organization of Stems
epidermis
endodermis
cuticle
guard cells
stoma
cortex
vascular tissues
xylem
phloem
