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Processing & Securing Outcomes (Types of Agreements (Non-Binding…
Processing & Securing Outcomes
Types of Agreements
Treaties
bind to international law w/ UN secretariat
Published
Binding
(US) Requires Ratification
Secretariat = Library
Executive Agreements :warning:
Less formal treaties
Prez can enter without senate
Paris agreement
Obama had existing framework from Clinton
Not legally binding
No financial commitments
Only reporting requirements
Can bypass congress
Non-Binding Declarations
Can be done by legislative or executive
Only prez can do diplomacy due to Logan Act
1971: Vietnam
1998: Taiwan
No real force of law but a statement
UN general assembly
The form taken = considerations + consessions
Techniques to reach agreement
Small print & euphemism
Development assistance > Reparations
Side letters, interpretive notes, appendices
Text addition to treaty, statement of policy goal
Interpretive notes
Ahead of time
South East Asia: Founding of ASEAN
Aussie side letters to clarify dispute on council
Didn't have to amend whole ASEAN treaty
Separate but related agreement
Pull agreement apart
Angola peace process
Get Cuba to leave Angola, South Africa to leave Nambia
Appendices
Back of treaty
Enforcement
Monitoring by Experts
Satallites
Experts go in
Regime of inspection, eradication, monitoring by UN
Backed up by military from UK & US
NGOS & IGOS
Monitoring by Embassies
Backed up by Government
Unobtrusive but important supporting role
Deportation in Britian with Muslims
If sent back to original countries, might get tortured
Used their embassies because NGOS were unreliable
Review Meetings
Reps from both parties pull up, process on implantation
Organizing committees
Parties required to submit national report
Name and Shame
Direct Channels