Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Logical Fallacies/Persuasive Techniques ((Begging the claim (Def: is a…
Logical Fallacies/Persuasive Techniques
Persuasive Techniques
Attacks
Examples
My opponent would see us hand over control of our
country to our enemies.
If you believe that money can solve all of your problems
then you are a fool.
Definition
Portraying opposing views or people as foolish,
dangerous, uncaring or deceitful in an attempt to
discredit them
Inclusive/Exclusive Language
Example:
We are all in this together. It is up to us to see that this
great undertaking of ours does not fail.
They did this to us. It is all their fault. We must rise up
and oppose them.
Definition:
Use of we, us and our to show solidarity, or They and
them to show exclusion
Evidence
Definition
Using statistics, Expert opinion, Research finding, and
anecdotal evidence to prove a point
Examples
Studies show 9 out of 10 Dentists recommend (insert
toothpaste brand here)
Research, statistics, expert opinion
Rhetorical Question
Examples
Are you okay? (Asked to someone who is clearly in pain)
What were you thinking? (Asked to someone who just
did something really foolish)
Definition
Questions which do not expect an answer and are
asked for effect only.
Appeal
Example
Emotions (You would be so happy if…)
Fears (If you don’t…then bad things will happen)
Needs (Your life will be complete if you…)
Desires (You can be just like everyone else if you…)
Definition
Playing on the audience’s emotions, fears, needs or
desires to persuade them that you are right
Cause and Effect
Example
Because you were outside while it was raining, you got
wet.
Definition - Arguing that one thing led to another
Begging the claim
Def: is a fallacy in which a claim is made and accepted to be true, but one must accept the premise to be true for the claim to be true.
Example:3. Killing people is wrong, so the death penalty is wrong.
Ad Populum
Def: is the appeal to the popularity of a claim as reason for accepting it.
Example:“Gods must exist, since every culture has some sort of belief in a higher being.”
Circular Argument
Def: This restates the argument rather than
actually proving it.
Example: I deserve to have a later curfew, so you should let me stay out until 10pm!
Ad Hominem
Def: An attack on the character of a person rather than his or her opinions or arguments.
Example: Using someone’s known background or beliefs to respond in a way such as “Of course you would say that, because you believe__
Either/ or
Def: A conclusion that oversimplifies the
argument by reducing it to only two
sides or choices.
Example: You are for us, or you are against us.
Genetic Fallacy
Def: occurs when a claim is accepted as true or false based on the origin of the claim.
Example: My sixth grade teacher, Mr. Harris, said that all women are bad drivers, so it must be true.
Hasty Generalization
Def: applies a belief to a larger population than he should based on the information that he has.
Example: Three out of four school teachers prefer Bright Marks Markers, but I only asked four teachers total.
Moral equivalence
Def: is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides.
Example: That parking attendant who gave me a ticket is as bad as Hitler.
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Def: A conclusion that assumes that if 'A'
occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have
caused 'A.‘
Example:I drank bottled water and now I am sick, so the
water must have made me sick.
Red Herring
Def: is a fallacy argument that distracts from the original topic
Example: The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but
what will fishers do to support their families?
Slippery Slope
Def: It is an argument that suggests taking a minor action will lead to major and sometimes ludicrous consequences.
Example: If you allow the students to redo this test, they are going to want to redo every assignment for the rest of the year.
Straw man
Def: occurs when someone argues that a person holds a view that is actually not what the other person believes
Example: Caroline says that she thinks her friends should not be so rude to the new girl. Jenna says that she cannot believe that Caroline is choosing to be better friends with the new girl than the girls who have always known her.